“This study is aimed at evaluating the effects of dietary Cannabis sativa L. leaf supplementation on superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and the prevention of liver fluke (Opisthorchis viverrini) metacercaria infection in Barbonymus gonionotus.

The experiment included five treatment groups, with varying concentrations of C. sativa leaves (0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%) in the experimental feed. Six hundred parasite-free B. gonionotus (50 days old) were infected with 50 cercariae each. After 24 h, they were fed the experimental feed for 0 (control group), 7, 14, or 21 days. The infection rate, intensity of O. viverrini metacercaria, survival rates, immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels, lysozyme activity, and SOD levels in B. gonionotus were investigated.

The results showed that cannabis leaves effectively prevented O. viverrini infection.

Fish fed with higher doses of cannabis leaf diets had a decreased infection rate and intensity of O. viverrini metacercariae and higher survival rates. Conversely, there was an increase in SOD, lysozyme activity, and IgM levels. Moreover, after the fish were fed 2.0% cannabis leaves for 14 and 21 days, no O. viverrini metacercariae were degenerated. The highest SOD levels were exhibited by fish fed 2.0% cannabis leaves for 14 days (1497.96 U/g FW), and the metacercariae were inactive and degenerated.

In summary, dietary supplementation of cannabis leaves can be used as a preventive measure against liver fluke infection in B. gonionotus.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41262377

“Opisthorchiasis is a disease caused by trematode infection in fish, specifically members of the Opisthorchiidae family, including Opisthorchis viverrini, Opisthorchis felineus, and Clonorchis sinensis.”

“Cannabis, Cannabis sativa L., possesses a rich historical background of human utilization, with indications of its use dating back thousands of years. “

“The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of cannabis leaves on liver fluke infection and the immune response in fish.”

“This study concludes that supplementation of cannabis leaves at 2.0% in the feed can prevent infection by metacercariae of the liver fluke in silver barb fish on Days 14 and 21. The supplementation of cannabis leaves was effective in preventing infection, reducing infection intensity, decreasing the survival rate of metacercariae, and enhancing the immune response in fish. The metacercaria encysted within fibrous tissue was densely surrounded by white blood cells, leading to their destruction and inhibiting the growth of the liver fluke parasite. Consequently, consumers can safely consume fish devoid of liver fluke parasites and fish meat free from any residual contaminants.”

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/japr/6233585

(“-)-Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid, has been suggested to provide protective effects in neuronal systems. This work investigates its neuroprotective effect against rotenone, a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor that causes neuronal toxicity, using primary hippocampal neurons.

Rotenone treatment reduces neuronal viability with marked neurite degeneration in a concentration-dependent manner (LC₅₀ = 189.1 nM). Administration of 2.5 µM CBD significantly increases viability to 69.9%, compared with 45.6% observed under 200 nM rotenone treatment.

Neuronal morphology is preserved under both CBD pre-treatment and co-treatment conditions, with confocal analyses further confirming the maintenance of axonal branching and overall structural integrity. Antagonist experiments reveal that TRPV1 inhibition markedly reduces the protective effect of CBD, whereas blockade of 5-HT_1AR has only a minor influence.

These findings demonstrate that CBD protects primary hippocampal neurons from rotenone-induced toxicity, with TRPV1 playing a central role in the mechanism.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41261085

“In summary, this study demonstrates that CBD effectively protects primary hippocampal neurons from rotenone-induced toxicity by maintaining neuronal viability and preserving neurite morphology. Both pre-treatment and co-treatment with CBD effectively attenuated rotenone-induced cell death, and morphological analyses confirmed the preservation of axonal branching and neuronal structure.

Consistent with our findings, several in vivo studies have reported that cannabis-derived phytocannabinoids attenuate oxidative stress and neuronal degeneration induced by rotenone administration in animal models. These in vivo observations reinforce the neuroprotective potential of CBD and further support our in vitro findings at the cellular level.”

https://aces.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/asia.202500946

“This study successfully established a novel discriminative model that distinguishes between Thai and foreign hemp seed extracts based on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) metabolic profiling combined with machine learning algorithms such as hierarchy clustering analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA).

The findings highlighted significant metabolic features, such as vitamin E, clionasterol, and linoleic acid, related with anti-aging properties via elastase inhibition.

Our biological validation experiment revealed that the individual compound at 2 mg/mL exhibited a moderate elastase inhibitory activity, 40.97 ± 1.80% inhibition (n = 3). However, a binary combination among these metabolites at 1 mg/mL of each compound demonstrated a synergistic effect against elastase activities up to 89.76 ± 1.20% inhibition (n = 3), showing 119% improvement. Molecular docking experiments aligned with biological results, showing strong binding affinities and enhanced inhibitory effects in all combinations.

This integrated approach provided insights into the bioactive compounds responsible for anti-aging effects and established a dependable framework for quality control and standardization of hemp seed-based skincare products. Additionally, the developed models enable effective discrimination between Thai and foreign strains, which is valuable for sourcing and product consistency.

Overall, this research advances our understanding of hemp seed phytochemicals and their functional potential, paving the way for optimized natural anti-aging formulations and targeted functional foods.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41227709/

“Integrating hemp actives into cosmeceuticals offers sustainable and natural substitutes for conventional skincare products with a variety of advantages, such as moisturizing and anti-aging effects.”

https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/21/3739

“Improper use of drugs in both animal and human therapy, such as doxycycline (DOX), lead to the accumulation of residues in edible animal tissues as well as in the environment.

Plant-derived compounds reduce the adverse effects of drugs.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cannabidiol (CBD) in two concentrations: lower (1.56 µg/mL) (DOX + C1) and higher (3.125 µg/mL) (DOX + C2) on the cytotoxicity of doxycycline in human cells.

The toxicity of DOX and its CBD-containing mixtures was assessed after 72 h of exposure in three human cell lines: neural (SH-SY5Y), hepatic (HepG2), and kidney (HEK-293). The exposure to DOX resulted in inhibition of mitochondrial activity (SH-SY5Y) and inhibition of DNA synthesis (HepG2 and HEK-293). IC₅₀ values for DOX ranged from 9.8 to >200 µg/mL in SH-SY5Y cells, 13.4 to 200 µg/mL in HepG2 cells, and 8.9 to 30.4 µg/mL in HEK-293 cells. The nature of the interaction depended on both the cell lines and the concentration of CBD in the mixture.

Both CBD mixtures demonstrated a synergistic interaction in neuronal cells. In HepG2 cells, both mixtures showed additive and antagonistic interactions. In HEK-293 cells, the DOX + C1 mixture exhibited an antagonistic (protective) effect, while the DOX + C2 mixture showed an additive effect. There were no changes in oxidative stress levels; however, alterations in apoptosis levels and cell morphology were observed following exposure to the mixtures.

The presence of doxycycline in the diet and the environment poses a health risk to consumers. The increasing consumption of CBD-containing products may reduce the risk associated with the presence of this drug in food.

It is worth emphasizing the need for research aimed at minimizing the adverse effects of pharmaceuticals on the health of humans and animals.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41226279/

“These results suggest that cannabidiol may be a promising candidate for preventing doxycycline-induced damage and dysfunction in healthy cells.”

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/21/4319

“Doxycycline is a widely used, broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic that treats a variety of bacterial infections and certain parasitic conditions.”

“Melanogenesis, the key biological process underlying skin hyperpigmentation, is tightly regulated by complex molecular signaling pathways. Consequently, targeting molecular regulators of this pathway is a crucial strategy for developing effective skin-whitening agents.

Cannabinol (CBN), a minor cannabinoid, has been largely unexplored owing to its role in modulating skin pigmentation. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of CBN’s depigmenting effects using an α-MSH-induced B16F10 melanoma cell model.

High-purity CBN was obtained via conversion of cannabidiol (CBD) and confirmed by HPLC. CBN significantly inhibited melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in a concentration-dependent manner, without any cytotoxicity. Furthermore, we investigated CBN’s impact on the melanogenesis signaling cascade.

Our analysis revealed that CBN significantly downregulated the mRNA and protein levels of key melanogenic master regulators, including MITF, TYR, TYRP1, and TYRP2.

Importantly, we also observed that CBN treatment selectively suppressed the protein phosphorylation of upstream signaling molecules such as p38 and JNK MAP kinases and NF-κB, while ERK phosphorylation remained unaffected. This finding indicates that its mechanism of action involves the selective modulation of pro-melanogenic signaling components.

Collectively, these findings demonstrate that CBN effectively modulates the melanogenesis signaling pathway by targeting both upstream kinases and downstream melanogenic genes.

These findings suggest that CBN holds great promise as a bioactive agent for skin-whitening applications and warrants further research to confirm its clinical efficacy and safety.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41226788/

“In conclusion, our study successfully demonstrated that cannabinol (CBN) possesses potent anti-melanogenic properties without inducing cytotoxicity. We found that CBN exerts its inhibitory effects by downregulating the expression of key melanogenic genes and proteins, including MITF, TYR, TYRP1, and TYRP2.

Our most significant finding was that this action was mediated through the selective suppression of crucial upstream signaling pathways: specifically, the p38 and JNK components of the MAPK cascade and the NF-κB pathway. This selective modulation targeting pro-melanogenic pathways, while preserving the ERK pathway, provides a comprehensive explanation for CBN’s powerful skin-brightening effects, positioning it as a promising new bioactive compound for cosmetic and therapeutic applications in hyperpigmentation.”

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/26/21/10752

“Consumer interest in nutrient-rich and sustainable bakery products is stimulating the use of novel flours. Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) flour represents a promising ingredient, even though its application in breadmaking remains limited.

This study explored the partial substitution of wheat flour with a mixture of two hemp cultivars, Felina 32 and Futura 75, at 10 %, 15 %, and 25 % inclusion levels. Comprehensive characterization addressed chemical composition, antioxidant properties, volatile profile, and sensory quality.

Hemp fortification increased the nutritional value of bread, particularly enhancing polyunsaturated fatty acids (notably linoleic acid), essential amino acids (lysine, leucine, phenylalanine), and total polyphenols, leading to enhance the antioxidant capacity. Volatile compound analysis showed an enrichment in compounds such as hexanoic acid, humulene, and citral. Sensory evaluation confirmed consumer acceptance, despite minor bitterness note.

These results demonstrate hemp flour’s potential as a functional and sustainable ingredient.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41214949/

“Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is an herbaceous and multipurpose plant that can be used in different fields such as agriculture, food and feed, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and building.”

“Hemp flour (HF), naturally gluten-free, has been used to enrich various types of bread to increase the protein content, essential fatty acids, phenolic and antioxidant compounds.”

“Based on these data, HF can be consider an excellent ingredient to improve the nutritional profile of bread.”

“We can conclude that HF is a valuable ingredient, to improve the nutritional properties of bread.”

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0963996925017776?via%3Dihub