“This study successfully established a novel discriminative model that distinguishes between Thai and foreign hemp seed extracts based on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) metabolic profiling combined with machine learning algorithms such as hierarchy clustering analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA).

The findings highlighted significant metabolic features, such as vitamin E, clionasterol, and linoleic acid, related with anti-aging properties via elastase inhibition.

Our biological validation experiment revealed that the individual compound at 2 mg/mL exhibited a moderate elastase inhibitory activity, 40.97 ± 1.80% inhibition (n = 3). However, a binary combination among these metabolites at 1 mg/mL of each compound demonstrated a synergistic effect against elastase activities up to 89.76 ± 1.20% inhibition (n = 3), showing 119% improvement. Molecular docking experiments aligned with biological results, showing strong binding affinities and enhanced inhibitory effects in all combinations.

This integrated approach provided insights into the bioactive compounds responsible for anti-aging effects and established a dependable framework for quality control and standardization of hemp seed-based skincare products. Additionally, the developed models enable effective discrimination between Thai and foreign strains, which is valuable for sourcing and product consistency.

Overall, this research advances our understanding of hemp seed phytochemicals and their functional potential, paving the way for optimized natural anti-aging formulations and targeted functional foods.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41227709/

“Integrating hemp actives into cosmeceuticals offers sustainable and natural substitutes for conventional skincare products with a variety of advantages, such as moisturizing and anti-aging effects.”

https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/21/3739

“Improper use of drugs in both animal and human therapy, such as doxycycline (DOX), lead to the accumulation of residues in edible animal tissues as well as in the environment.

Plant-derived compounds reduce the adverse effects of drugs.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cannabidiol (CBD) in two concentrations: lower (1.56 µg/mL) (DOX + C1) and higher (3.125 µg/mL) (DOX + C2) on the cytotoxicity of doxycycline in human cells.

The toxicity of DOX and its CBD-containing mixtures was assessed after 72 h of exposure in three human cell lines: neural (SH-SY5Y), hepatic (HepG2), and kidney (HEK-293). The exposure to DOX resulted in inhibition of mitochondrial activity (SH-SY5Y) and inhibition of DNA synthesis (HepG2 and HEK-293). IC₅₀ values for DOX ranged from 9.8 to >200 µg/mL in SH-SY5Y cells, 13.4 to 200 µg/mL in HepG2 cells, and 8.9 to 30.4 µg/mL in HEK-293 cells. The nature of the interaction depended on both the cell lines and the concentration of CBD in the mixture.

Both CBD mixtures demonstrated a synergistic interaction in neuronal cells. In HepG2 cells, both mixtures showed additive and antagonistic interactions. In HEK-293 cells, the DOX + C1 mixture exhibited an antagonistic (protective) effect, while the DOX + C2 mixture showed an additive effect. There were no changes in oxidative stress levels; however, alterations in apoptosis levels and cell morphology were observed following exposure to the mixtures.

The presence of doxycycline in the diet and the environment poses a health risk to consumers. The increasing consumption of CBD-containing products may reduce the risk associated with the presence of this drug in food.

It is worth emphasizing the need for research aimed at minimizing the adverse effects of pharmaceuticals on the health of humans and animals.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41226279/

“These results suggest that cannabidiol may be a promising candidate for preventing doxycycline-induced damage and dysfunction in healthy cells.”

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/21/4319

“Doxycycline is a widely used, broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic that treats a variety of bacterial infections and certain parasitic conditions.”

“Melanogenesis, the key biological process underlying skin hyperpigmentation, is tightly regulated by complex molecular signaling pathways. Consequently, targeting molecular regulators of this pathway is a crucial strategy for developing effective skin-whitening agents.

Cannabinol (CBN), a minor cannabinoid, has been largely unexplored owing to its role in modulating skin pigmentation. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of CBN’s depigmenting effects using an α-MSH-induced B16F10 melanoma cell model.

High-purity CBN was obtained via conversion of cannabidiol (CBD) and confirmed by HPLC. CBN significantly inhibited melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in a concentration-dependent manner, without any cytotoxicity. Furthermore, we investigated CBN’s impact on the melanogenesis signaling cascade.

Our analysis revealed that CBN significantly downregulated the mRNA and protein levels of key melanogenic master regulators, including MITF, TYR, TYRP1, and TYRP2.

Importantly, we also observed that CBN treatment selectively suppressed the protein phosphorylation of upstream signaling molecules such as p38 and JNK MAP kinases and NF-κB, while ERK phosphorylation remained unaffected. This finding indicates that its mechanism of action involves the selective modulation of pro-melanogenic signaling components.

Collectively, these findings demonstrate that CBN effectively modulates the melanogenesis signaling pathway by targeting both upstream kinases and downstream melanogenic genes.

These findings suggest that CBN holds great promise as a bioactive agent for skin-whitening applications and warrants further research to confirm its clinical efficacy and safety.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41226788/

“In conclusion, our study successfully demonstrated that cannabinol (CBN) possesses potent anti-melanogenic properties without inducing cytotoxicity. We found that CBN exerts its inhibitory effects by downregulating the expression of key melanogenic genes and proteins, including MITF, TYR, TYRP1, and TYRP2.

Our most significant finding was that this action was mediated through the selective suppression of crucial upstream signaling pathways: specifically, the p38 and JNK components of the MAPK cascade and the NF-κB pathway. This selective modulation targeting pro-melanogenic pathways, while preserving the ERK pathway, provides a comprehensive explanation for CBN’s powerful skin-brightening effects, positioning it as a promising new bioactive compound for cosmetic and therapeutic applications in hyperpigmentation.”

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/26/21/10752

“Consumer interest in nutrient-rich and sustainable bakery products is stimulating the use of novel flours. Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) flour represents a promising ingredient, even though its application in breadmaking remains limited.

This study explored the partial substitution of wheat flour with a mixture of two hemp cultivars, Felina 32 and Futura 75, at 10 %, 15 %, and 25 % inclusion levels. Comprehensive characterization addressed chemical composition, antioxidant properties, volatile profile, and sensory quality.

Hemp fortification increased the nutritional value of bread, particularly enhancing polyunsaturated fatty acids (notably linoleic acid), essential amino acids (lysine, leucine, phenylalanine), and total polyphenols, leading to enhance the antioxidant capacity. Volatile compound analysis showed an enrichment in compounds such as hexanoic acid, humulene, and citral. Sensory evaluation confirmed consumer acceptance, despite minor bitterness note.

These results demonstrate hemp flour’s potential as a functional and sustainable ingredient.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41214949/

“Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is an herbaceous and multipurpose plant that can be used in different fields such as agriculture, food and feed, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and building.”

“Hemp flour (HF), naturally gluten-free, has been used to enrich various types of bread to increase the protein content, essential fatty acids, phenolic and antioxidant compounds.”

“Based on these data, HF can be consider an excellent ingredient to improve the nutritional profile of bread.”

“We can conclude that HF is a valuable ingredient, to improve the nutritional properties of bread.”

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0963996925017776?via%3Dihub

“Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) poses a significant public health risk due to the lack of effective antiviral therapies.

To identify novel antiviral agents, we evaluated the antiviral activity of ethanol extracts and organic solvent fractions derived from the roots and stems of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.).

Noncytotoxic concentrations of the extracts and fractions were determined using in vitro cytotoxicity assays. At these concentrations, several fractions demonstrated potent virucidal activity, with the hexane and chloroform fractions showing the strongest effects.

Post-treatment of virus-infected cells with these fractions significantly suppressed viral replication, as evidenced by reduced JEV mRNA and E protein expression. In contrast, pre-treatment or co-treatment did not yield notable antiviral effects. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of multiple known hemp-derived compounds in the active fractions.

Among them, stigmasterol exhibited strong virucidal and antiviral activity. It inhibited viral entry and growth when applied during or after infection and significantly decreased viral mRNA and E protein levels in infected cells.

These findings suggest that stigmasterol contributes to the antiviral effects of hemp extracts and may be one of the active compounds responsible for inhibiting JEV replication.

This study highlights the potential of hemp-derived natural products, particularly stigmasterol, as promising candidates for the development of antiviral agents against JEV infection.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41196377/

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00705-025-06433-z