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Anticancer and immunomodulating effects of Hericium erinaceus (Lion’s Mane) Yamabushitake mushrooms

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“Hericium erinaceus (Lion’s Mane) mushroom extracts inhibit metastasis of cancer… edible mushrooms have the potential to serve as a health-promoting functional food.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23668749

“Antimetastatic and immunomodulating effect of water extracts from various mushrooms.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20633495

“[Immunological study on the antitumor effects of fungus polysaccharides compounds]” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12725070

“Antitumor and immunoenhancing activities of polysaccharide from culture broth of Hericium spp. The fruiting body and culture broth of many edible mushrooms contain water-soluble polysaccharides. Numerous researchers have reported that these polysaccharides have immunoenhancing effects. In this study,” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11842649

“It has been demonstrated that the Hericium erinaceus (HE) mushroom, which primarily consists of polysaccharides, possesses anti-tumor activities…These findings suggest that HE… serves as an effective tool for treating drug-resistant human hepatocellular carcinoma.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20554107

“Mechanism of Hericium erinaceus (Yamabushitake) mushroom-induced apoptosis of U937 human monocytic leukemia cells. Phytochemicals in some foods are a potential source of bioactive safe compounds for cancer chemoprevention and suppression of tumor initiation, promotion, and metastasis… we evaluated… Hericium erinaceus (Yamabushitake, Lion’s Mane) mushrooms for their ability to induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) in human leukemia cells…The results indicate that H. erinaceus mushrooms may have therapeutic potential against human leukemia.”  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21779573

“Composition and mechanism of antitumor effects of Hericium erinaceus mushroom extracts in tumor-bearing mice.”  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21846141

“Potential activity of aqueous extract of culinary-medicinal Lion’s Mane mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Bull.: Fr.) Pers. (Aphyllophoromycetideae) in accelerating wound healing…” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22135902

“Neuroregenerative potential of lion’s mane mushroom, Hericium erinaceus…”  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23510212

“Hericium erinaceus: an edible mushroom with medicinal values…anti-cancer, immuno-modulating, hypolipidemic, antioxidant and neuro-protective activities of this mushroom. H. erinaceus has also been reported to have anti-microbial, anti-hypertensive, anti-diabetic, wound healing properties among other therapeutic potentials.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23735479

Anticancer activity of Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus)

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“Most chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer can destroy tumors and arrest cancer progress but cancer treatment may damage healthy cells and tissues. Thus, new anticancer drugs from natural products are expected to play an important role in the development of more effective and safer agents to inhibit the onset of cancer… Anticancer activity of subfractions containing pure compounds of Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) extract in human cancer cells..In conclusion, the three subfractions (3β-hydroxy-lanosta-8,24-dien-21-al, inotodiol, and lanosterol) inhibited in vitro proliferation of various human cancer cell lines… 3β-hydroxy-lanosta-8,24-dien-21-al, inotodiol, and lanosterol may therefore be interesting compounds for the development of novel anticancer drugs and functional anticancer food.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2895696/

“Anti-cancer effect and structural characterization of endo-polysaccharide from cultivated mycelia of Inonotus obliquus.”  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16458328

“Anticancer effects of fraction isolated from fruiting bodies of Chaga medicinal mushroom, Inonotus obliquus (Pers.:Fr.) Pilát (Aphyllophoromycetideae): in vitro studies.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22135889

“Antitumor and immunomodulatory activity of water-soluble polysaccharide from Inonotus obliquus.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22840014

“Identification of Inonotus obliquus and analysis of antioxidation and antitumor activities of polysaccharides.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18795365

“Antitumor activity of water extract of a mushroom, Inonotus obliquus…”  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19367670

“Progress on understanding the anticancer mechanisms of medicinal mushroom: inonotus obliquus. Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Recently, the demand for more effective and safer therapeutic agents for the chemoprevention of human cancer has increased. As a white rot fungus, Inonotus obliquus is valued as an edible and medicinal resource. Chemical investigations have shown that I. obliquus produces a diverse range of secondary metabolites, including phenolic compounds, melanins, and lanostane-type triterpenoids. Among these are active components for antioxidant, antitumoral, and antiviral activities and for improving human immunity against infection of pathogenic microbes…polysaccharides from I. obliquus can indirectly be involved in anticancer processes mainly via stimulating the immune system. Furthermore, the antioxidative ability of I. obliquus extracts can prevent generation of cancer cells… mechanisms underlying the anticancer influence of I. obliquus…”  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23679238

“In vitro antitumor activity and structure characterization of ethanol extracts from wild and cultivated Chaga medicinal mushroom, Inonotus obliquus (Pers.:Fr.) Pilát (Aphyllophoromycetideae).” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22135888

“Potential anticancer properties of the water extract of Inonotus obliquus by induction of apoptosis in melanoma cells…This study showed that the water extract of Inonotus obliquus mushroom exhibited a potential anticancer activity against melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo through the inhibition of proliferation and induction of differentiation and apoptosis of cancer cells…”  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19041933

“Comparative study of antioxidant activity and antiproliferative effect of hot water and ethanol extracts from the mushroom Inonotus obliquus.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19147108

“Anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of extracts and compounds from the mushroom Inonotus obliquus.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23561137

“Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus)…Chaga mushroom may provide a new therapeutic option, as a potential anticancer agent…”  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2681140/

Anticancer Activity of Mushrooms

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“Medicinal mushrooms and cancer therapy: translating a traditional practice into Western medicine… novel anticancer agents are being sought from traditional medicine… Purified bioactive compounds derived from medicinal mushrooms are a potentially important new source of anticancer agents.”  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16702701

“New scientific approaches to cancer treatment: can medicinal mushrooms defeat the curse of the century? Unfortunately, our age, heredity, lifestyle, race, and ethnicity are directly connected to the development of carcinogenesis… It is already well established that medicinal mushrooms represent a potential source for biologically active compounds with immunomodulating, free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, and anticancer activities… low-molecular weight mushroom substances… representing a new scientific approach to cancer treatment and prevention.”  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22339703

“Medicinal mushroom modulators of molecular targets as cancer therapeutics..high-molecular-weight polysaccharides or polysaccharide-protein complexes from mushrooms appear to enhance innate and cell-mediated immune responses, exhibit antitumor activities in animals and humans, and demonstrate anticancer properties”  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15726350

“Antitumor activity of mushroom polysaccharides: a review” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22865023

“Bioactive polysaccharides from traditional Chinese medicine herbs as anticancer adjuvants.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12470436

“Immunomodulatory and anti-tumour polysaccharides from medicinal plants.”  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7895893

“Medicinal mushrooms as a source of antitumor and immunomodulating polysaccharides. The number of mushrooms on Earth is estimated at 140,000, yet maybe only 10% (approximately 14,000 named species) are known. Mushrooms comprise a vast and yet largely untapped source of powerful new pharmaceutical products. In particular, and most importantly for modern medicine, they represent an unlimited source of polysaccharides with antitumor and immunostimulating properties.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12436306

“Recent developments in mushrooms as anti-cancer therapeutics: a review. From time immemorial, mushrooms have been valued by humankind as a culinary wonder and folk medicine in Oriental practice…The chief medicinal uses of mushrooms discovered so far are as anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, hypocholesterolemic, anti-tumor, anti-cancer, immunomodulatory, anti-allergic, nephroprotective, and anti-microbial agents.The mounting evidences from various research groups across the globe, regarding anti-tumor application of mushroom extracts unarguably make it a fast-track research area worth mass attention.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3339609/

“Biotechnological cultivation of edible macrofungi: an alternative for obtaining nutraceutics” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22449697

“Therapeutic potential of various beta-glucan sources in conjunction with anti-tumor monoclonal antibody in cancer therapy.”  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19106638

“Commonly consumed and specialty dietary mushrooms reduce cellular proliferation in human breastcancer cells…both common and specialty mushrooms may be chemoprotective against breast cancer.”  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20921274

“Enhanced antiproliferative effects of aqueous extracts of some medicinal mushrooms on colon cancer cells. Auricularia polytricha, Macrolepiota procera, and Pleurotus ostreatus…the aqueous extracts of all 3 species of mushrooms have a remarkable irreversible antiproliferative effect on cancer cell lines… treatment with the extracts validated the anticancerous property of these mushroom species.”  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23662617

“Effect of various natural products on growth of bladder cancer cells: two promising mushroom extracts… GD- and PL-fractions…It is thus plausible that these substances could be used, solely or combined with conventional modalities, for the treatment of superficial bladder cancer.”  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17397268

 

“Anticancer Activity of Amauroderma rude… medicinal mushrooms have been widely used as a miraculous herb for health promotion, especially by cancer patients… we found that the extract of Amauroderma rude exerted the highest activity in killing most of these cancer cell lines…Taken together, Amauroderma rude represented a powerful medicinal mushroom with anti-cancer activities.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3688780/

 

“Medicinal mushroom Phellinus linteus as an alternative cancer therapy.”  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3445909/

“Phellinus linteus activates different pathways to induce apoptosis in prostate cancer cells…polysaccharides extracted from the Phellinus linteus (PL) mushroom possess antitumour activity.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2360058/

“Dramatic remission of hormone refractory prostate cancer achieved with extract of the mushroom, Phellinus linteus.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15331908

“Protein-bound polysaccharide from Phellinus linteus inhibits tumor growth, invasion, and angiogenesis in human colon cancer cells. Polysaccharides extracted from the Phellinus linteus (PL) mushroom are known to possess anti-tumor effects…These data suggest that PL suppresses tumor growth, invasion, and angiogenesis through the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in certain colon cancer cells.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3154178/

“Phellinus linteus suppresses growth, angiogenesis and invasive behaviour of breast cancer cells…our study suggests potential therapeutic effect of PL against invasive breast cancer.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2361714/

“Mycelial Extract of Phellinus linteus Induces Cell Death in Lung Cancer Cells…  may be a potential therapeutic agent for the control of human lung carcinoma cells.”  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3769563/

 

 

“Constituents isolated from Cordyceps militaris suppress enhanced inflammatory mediator’s production and human cancer cell proliferation. The present study provides scientific supporting information for the ethnopharmacological use of Cordyceps militaris as an anti-inflammatory and anticancer agent.”  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20633630

“Antifungal and Anticancer Activities of a Protein from the Mushroom Cordyceps militaris… These results indicate that C. militaris represents a source of a novel protein that might be applied in diverse biological and medicinal applications…mushroom C. militaris could be used as a nutraceutical for cancer patients, and also as a fungicide or for meat tenderizer.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2766723/

“Cordycepin-enriched Cordyceps militaris induces immunomodulation and tumor growth delay in mouse-derived breast cancer. Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) and its main functional component, cordycepin, has been shown to possess a number of pharmacological activities including immunological stimulation and antitumor effects. ” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23921598

“Induction of apoptosis by aqueous extract of Cordyceps militaris…Cordyceps militaris is well known as a traditional medicinal mushroom and has been shown to exhibit immunostimulatory and anticancer activities.”  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19131705

 

“Anticancer, antioxidant and antibiotic activities of mushroom Ramaria flava… These results suggest that R. flava could hold a good potential source for human health.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23684998

 

A comparison of cannabidiolic acid with other treatments for anticipatory nausea using a rat model of contextually elicited conditioned gaping

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“The effectiveness of cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) was compared with other potential treatments for anticipatory nausea (AN), using a rat model of contextually elicited conditioned gaping reactions…

Conclusions

CBDA has therapeutic potential as a highly potent and selective treatment for AN without psychoactive or locomotor effects.”

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00213-014-3498-1

Relationship between working-memory network function and substance use: a 3-year longitudinal fMRI study in heavy cannabis users and controls.

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“The aim of this 3-year longitudinal neuro-imaging study was to investigate the relationship between substance use (e.g. alcohol, cannabis, nicotine, illegal psychotropic drugs) and working-memory network function over time in heavy cannabis users and controls.

Within the group of cannabis users, cannabis-related problems remained stable, whereas alcohol-related problems, nicotine dependence and illegal psychotropic substance use increased over time. At both measurements, behavioral performance and network functionality during the n-back task did not differ between heavy cannabis users and controls. Although n-back accuracy improved, working-memory network function remained stable over time.

Within the group of cannabis users, working-memory network functionality was not associated with substance use.

These results suggest that sustained moderate to heavy levels of cannabis, nicotine, alcohol and illegal psychotropic substance use do not change working-memory network functionality.

Moreover, baseline network functionality did not predict cannabis use and related problems three years later, warranting longitudinal studies in more chronic or dependent cannabis users.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24589297

Combining rimonabant and fentanyl in a single entity: preparation and pharmacological results.

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“Based on numerous pharmacological studies that have revealed an interaction between cannabinoid and opioid systems at the molecular, neurochemical, and behavioral levels, a new series of hybrid molecules has been prepared by coupling the molecular features of two wellknown drugs, ie, rimonabant and fentanyl. The new compounds have been tested for their affinity and functionality regarding CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid and μ opioid receptors. In [(35)S]-GTPγS (guanosine 5′-O-[gamma-thio]triphosphate) binding assays from the post-mortem human frontal cortex, they proved to be CB1 cannabinoid antagonists and μ opioid antagonists. Interestingly, in vivo, the new compounds exhibited a significant dual antagonist action on the endocannabinoid and opioid systems.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24591816

Brain Innate Immunity In The Regulation Of Neuroinflammation: Therapeutic Strategies By Modulating Cd200-Cd200r Interaction Involve The Cannabinoid System.

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“The central nervous system (CNS) innate immune response includes an arsenal of molecules and receptors expressed by professional phagocytes, glial cells and neurons that is involved in host defence and clearance of toxic and dangerous cell debris. However, any uncontrolled innate immune responses within the CNS are widely recognized as playing a major role in the development of autoimmune disorders and neurodegeneration, with multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) being primary examples. Hence, it is important to identify the key regulatory mechanisms involved in the control of CNS innate immunity and which could be harnessed to explore novel therapeutic avenues. Neuroimmune regulatory proteins (NIReg) such as CD95L, CD200, CD47, sialic acid, complement regulatory proteins (CD55, CD46, fH, C3a), HMGB1, may control the adverse immune responses in health and diseases. In the absence of these regulators, when neurons die by apoptosis, become infected or damaged, microglia and infiltrating immune cells are free to cause injury as well as an adverse inflammatory response in acute and chronic settings. We will herein provide new emphasis on the role of the pair CD200-CD200R in MS and its experimental models: experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and Theiler’s virus induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD). The interest of the cannabinoid system as inhibitor of inflammation prompt us to introduce our findings about the role of endocannabinoids (eCBs) in promoting CD200-CD200 receptor (CD200R) interaction and the benefits caused in TMEV-IDD. Finally, we also review the current data on CD200-CD200R interaction in AD, as well as, in the aging brain.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24588829

Rosemary: A Cancer-Fighting Spice

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“Rosemary: A Cancer-Fighting Spice”  http://www2.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/2011/05/rosemary-a-cancer-fighting-spice.html

“Inhibitory effects of rosemary extracts, carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid on the growth of various human cancer cell lines…the extracts exhibited various cytotoxic effects against different cell lines…Rosemary extract is a potential candidate to be included in the anti-cancer diet…”  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20449663

“Pharmacology of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis Linn.) and its therapeutic potentials. The use of plants is as old as the mankind. Natural products are cheap and claimed to be safe… It is concluded that rosemary and its constituents especially caffeic acid derivatives such as rosmarinic acid have a therapeutic potential in treatment or prevention of bronchial asthma, spasmogenic disorders, peptic ulcer, inflammatory diseases, hepatotoxicity, atherosclerosis, ischaemic heart disease, cataract, cancer and poor sperm motility.”  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10641130

“Polyphenols from the Mediterranean herb rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) for prostate cancer. This review focuses on the Mediterranean herb, rosemary, its polyphenolic diterpenes (carnosic acid and carnosol) and their role in chemoprevention of prostate cancer. Epidemiological studies suggest a reduced risk of cancer in patients consuming rosemary… These findings warrant further research to understand the potential of rosemary as a cancer chemopreventive agent in prostate cancer.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3607075/

“Effect of rosemary polyphenols on human colon cancer cells: transcriptomic profiling and functional enrichment analysis…rosemary polyphenols…may contribute to colon cancer cell death… Carnosol, one of the main polyphenols in rosemary, poses strong antioxidant and chemopreventive activities. This diterpene has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities on prostate, skin, breast, leukemia, and colon cancer. Another rosemary diterpene, carnosic acid, has proven antiproliferative activity in colon cancer cells…”  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3534995/

“Carnosol induces apoptosis through generation of ROS and inactivation of STAT3 signaling in human coloncancer HCT116 cells… Carnosol, an active constituent of rosemary, has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24481553

“Carnosic acid inhibits the growth of ER-negative human breast cancer cells and synergizes with curcumin…Studies indicate that extracts and purified components, including carnosic acid, from the herb rosemary display significant growth inhibitory activity on a variety of cancers….Rosemary/carnosic acid, alone or combined with curcumin, may be useful to prevent and treat ER-negative breast cancer.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22828666

“Carnosic acid modulates Akt/IKK/NF-κB signaling by PP2A and induces intrinsic and extrinsic pathway mediatedapoptosis in human prostate carcinoma PC-3 cells. This study investigates the efficacy of carnosic acid (CA), a polyphenolic diterpene, isolated from the plant rosemary (Rosemarinus officinalis), on androgen-independent human prostate cancer PC-3 cells…may have the potential for use in the prevention and/or treatment of prostate cancer.”  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22453599

“Carnosic acid, a rosemary phenolic compound, induces apoptosis through reactive oxygen species-mediated p38 activation in human neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells. Carnosic acid (CA), a rosemary phenolic compound, has been shown to display anti-cancer activity.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21833842

“Carnosic acid inhibits proliferation and augments differentiation of human leukemic cells induced by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and retinoic acid. Carnosic acid, the polyphenolic diterpene derived from rosemary, is a strong dietary antioxidant that exhibits antimutagenic properties in bacteria and anticarcinogenic activity in various cell and animal models…These results indicate that carnosic acid is capable of antiproliferative action in leukemic cells and can cooperate with other natural anticancer compounds in growth-inhibitory and differentiating effects.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12094616

“Carnosol-induced apoptosis and downregulation of Bcl-2 in B-lineage leukemia cells. Carnosol, a phenolic compound extracted from the herb rosemary has been reported to have anti-cancer activity… These results suggest that carnosol may be useful as a novel chemotherapeutic agent against B-lineage leukemias, and possibly other types of cancers that express high levels of the protective protein, Bcl-2.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11448532

“Carnosol, a dietary diterpene, displays growth inhibitory effects in human prostate cancer PC3 cells leading to G2-phase cell cycle arrest and targets the 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway…These results suggest that carnosol targets multiple signaling pathways that include the AMPK pathway. The ability of carnosol to inhibit prostate cancer in vitrosuggests carnosol may be a novel agent for the management of prostate cancer”  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2994272/

“Rosmanol potently induces apoptosis through both the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and death receptor pathway in human colon adenocarcinoma COLO 205 cells. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), a culinary spice and medicinal herb, has been widely used in European folk medicine to treat numerous ailments. Many studies have shown that rosemary extracts play important roles in anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, and anti-proliferation in various in vitro and in vivo settings.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21112365

“Ursolic acid, a pentacyclin triterpene, potentiates TRAIL-induced apoptosis through p53-independent up-regulation of death receptors: evidence for the role of reactive oxygen species and JNK. Discovery of the molecular targets of traditional medicine and its chemical footprints can validate the use of such medicine. In the present report, we investigated the effect of ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid found in rosemary and holy basil, on apoptosis induced by TRAIL. We found that UA potentiated TRAIL-induced apoptosis in cancer cells.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21156789

“Cooperative antitumor effects of vitamin D3 derivatives and rosemary preparations in a mouse model of myeloid leukemia…The results of our study suggest that the use of polyphenol-rich rosemary preparations together with low calcemic vitamin D3 analogs may represent a novel effective and low-toxic approach to combination differentiation therapy of acute myeloid leukemias.”  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2824511/

“Antiproliferation effect of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) on human ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is a popular culinary/medicinal herb. Recent studies have shown it has pharmacologic activities for cancerchemoprevention and therapy.”  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22325591

“Anti-proliferative and antioxidant properties of rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis.
Constituents in rosemary have shown a variety of pharmacological activities for cancer chemoprevention and therapy in in vitro and in vivo models.”  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17487414

“Anti-angiogenic properties of carnosol and carnosic acid, two major dietary compounds from rosemary. Carnosol and carnosic acid, two major components of rosemary extracts, have shown activity for cancer prevention and therapy…The anti-angiogenic activity of carnosol and carnosic acid could contribute to the chemopreventive, antitumoral and antimetastatic activities of rosemary extracts and suggests their potential in the treatment of other angiogenesis-related malignancies.”  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22173778

Knocking down the expression of adenylate cyclase-associated protein 1 inhibits the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells.

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“Adenylate cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1) is a conserved protein that was found to be up-regulated in breast cancer and related to the migration of breast cancer…

CAP1 might be a potential molecular targeted therapy for surgery and immune treatment.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24509166

Upregulated expression of CAP1 is associated with tumor migration and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma.

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“Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers that exhibits high incidences of intrahepatic metastasis and tumor recurrence.

Adenylate cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1)… was recently reported to play a role in cell motility and the pathology of pancreatic cancer. In this study, we examined a potential role of CAP1 in HCC progression, and found that CAP1 was overexpressed in HCC specimens…

Collectively, our results indicated that upregulated expression of CAP1 might contribute heavily to the metastasis of HCC.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24359721

 http://www.thctotalhealthcare.com/category/hepatocellular-carcinoma-hcc/