Category Archives: Uncategorized

Characteristics of Dispensary Patients that Limit Alcohol after Initiating Cannabis.

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Publication Cover “Many patients have reported that they decrease their use of opioids after starting medical cannabis (MC) but less is known for alcohol.

The objective of this exploratory study was to identify any factors which differentiate alcohol abaters from those that do not modify their alcohol use after starting MC (non-abaters).

Comparisons were made to identify any demographic, dosing, or health history characteristics which differentiated alcohol abaters (N = 47) from non-abaters (N = 65). Respondents selected from among a list of 37 diseases/health conditions (e.g. diabetes, sleep disorders).

Abaters and non-abaters were indistinguishable in terms of sex, age, or prior drug history. A greater percentage of abaters (59.6%) than non-abaters (40.6%, p < .05) reported using MC two or more times per day. Abaters were more likely to be employed (68.1%) than non-abaters (51.1%, p < .05). Abaters also reported having significantly more health conditions and diseases (3.3 ± 2.0) than non-abaters (2.4 ± 1.4, p < .05).

This small study offers some insights into the profile of patients whose self-reported alcohol intake decreased following initiation of MC. Additional prospective or controlled research into the alcohol abatement phenomenon following MC may be warranted.”

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31813342

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02791072.2019.1694199?journalCode=ujpd20

Effects of O-1602 and CBD on TNBS-induced colonic disturbances.

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Neurogastroenterology &amp; Motility banner“This study attempted to provide the effects and mechanisms of two cannabinoids, O-1602 and cannabidiol (CBD), on colonic motility of 2,4,6-trinitro-benzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) colitis.

METHODS:

TNBS was used to induce the model of motility disorder. G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) expression was detected using real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry in colon. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and myeloperoxidase were also measured. The colonic motility was measured by upper GI transit in vivo and recorded using electrical stimulation organ bath technique in vitro. Freshly isolated smooth muscle from the rat colon were applied to determine the membrane potential and Ca2+ -ATPase activity, respectively.

KEY RESULTS:

CBD or O-1602 separately improved inflammatory conditions significantly in TNBS-induced colitis rats. However, sole CBD pretreatment reduced GPR55 expression, which was up-regulated in TNBS colitis. O-1602 and CBD each lowered MPO and IL-6 levels remarkably in TNBS colitis, while TNF-α levels experienced no change. CBD rescued the downward colonic motility in TNBS colitis in vivo; however, it decreased the upward contraction of the smooth muscle strip under electrical stimulation in vitro. Pretreatment with CBD prevented against TNBS-induced changes of Ca2+ -ATPase activity of smooth muscle cells. However, membrane potential of the smooth muscle cells decreased by TNBS experienced no change after O-1602 or CBD import.

CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES:

The present study suggested that CBD participated in the regulation of colonic motility in rats, and the mechanisms may be involved in the regulation of inlammatory factors and Ca2+ -ATPase activity through GPR55.”

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31802588

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/nmo.13756

Transcriptomic Analysis of Stem Cells Treated with Moringin or Cannabidiol: Analogies and Differences in Inflammation Pathways.

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ijms-logo“Inflammation is a common feature of many neurodegenerative diseases.

The treatment of stem cells as a therapeutic approach to repair damage in the central nervous system represents a valid alternative.

In this study, using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology, we analyzed the transcriptomic profile of human Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hGMSCs) treated with Moringin [4-(α-l-ramanosyloxy)-benzyl isothiocyanate] (hGMSCs-MOR) or with Cannabidiol (hGMSCs-CBD) at dose of 0.5 or 5 µM, respectively. Moreover, we compared their transcriptomic profiles in order to evaluate analogies and differences in pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways.

The hGMSCs-MOR selectively downregulate TNF-α signaling from the beginning, reducing the expression of TNF-α receptor while hGMSCs-CBD limit its activity after the process started.

The treatment with CBD downregulates the pro-inflammatory pathway mediated by the IL-1 family, including its receptor while MOR is less efficient.

Furthermore, both the treatments are efficient in the IL-6 signaling. In particular, CBD reduces the effect of the pro-inflammatory JAK/STAT pathway while MOR enhances the pro-survival PI3K/AKT/mTOR.

In addition, both hGMSCs-MOR and hGMSCs-CBD improve the anti-inflammatory activity enhancing the TGF-β pathway.”

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31801206

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/23/6039

Long-term benefit from immune modulation and anti-inflammatory treatment in metastatic mesothelioma.

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Respiratory Medicine Case Reports“A 64 year old male heating engineer was investigated for a persistent cough and found to have epithelioid mesothelioma with pleural effusion, lung nodules and increased thoracic lymph nodes. He declined standard of care treatment following his own research and he was enrolled in a named patient programme of IMM-101. He was advised to correct his low vitamin D3 level and to start using anti-inflammatories such as aspirin, bromelain and low dose Naltrexone. At review one year later a CT scan showed no change and he continued on the regimen. Four years after the diagnosis a CT scan showed that there was a modest but definite progression of the left malignant pleural thickening, and a new right-sided effusion, enlargement of several intrathoracic nodes which had been noted on the early scans. The chest wall lump eventually broke down and required local radiotherapy. He then developed abdominal pain and found to have peritoneal disease. Last year he obtained the cannabinoids CBD and THC which slowed down the disease and a CT scan after he had been on this for six months, showed that his disease was fairly stable with marginal progression.”

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31788420

“The patient gave his full written consent for this report and is keen that others can benefit from this treatment.”

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213007119303168?via%3Dihub

Has Cannabis Use Among Youth Increased After Changes in Its Legal Status? A Commentary on Use of Monitoring the Future for Analyses of Changes in State Cannabis Laws.

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“As US states move toward various forms of adult access to cannabis, there has been a great interest in measuring the impact of such changes on adolescent cannabis use.

Using the Washington Health Youth Survey, we estimate that after recreational cannabis legalization past 30-day cannabis use prevalence in grade 8 decreased by 22.0%, in grade 10 prevalence decreased by 12.7%, and no effect in grade 12.

These trends are consistent with those in states without recreational cannabis laws, suggesting that legalization did not impact adolescent use prevalence.”

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31792712

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11121-019-01068-4

Short-term effects of cannabis consumption on cognitive performance in medical cannabis patients.

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Publication Cover “This observational study examined the acute cognitive effects of cannabis.

We hypothesized that cognitive performance would be negatively affected by acute cannabis intoxication.

Contrary to expectations, performance on neuropsychological tests remained stable or even improved during the acute intoxication stage (THC; d: .49-.65, medium effect), and continued to increase during Recovery (d: .45-.77, medium-large effect).

Contrary to our hypothesis, there was no psychometric evidence for a decline in cognitive ability following THC intoxication.”

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31790276

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/23279095.2019.1681424?journalCode=hapn21

The Bee Community of Cannabis sativa and Corresponding Effects of Landscape Composition.

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Image result for environmental entomology“Industrial hemp, Cannabis sativa (Cannabaceae), is a newly introduced and rapidly expanding crop in the American agricultural landscape. As an exclusively wind-pollinated crop, hemp lacks nectar but produces an abundance of pollen during a period of floral dearth in agricultural landscapes. These pollen resources are attractive to a range of bee species but the diversity of floral visitors and their use of hemp across a range of agricultural contexts remains unclear. We made repeated sweep net collections of bees visiting hemp flowers on farms in New York, which varied in both landscape context and phenotypic traits of hemp varieties. We identified all bee visitors to the species level and found that hemp supported 16 different bee species. Landscape simplification negatively impacted the abundance of bees visiting hemp flowers but did not affect the species richness of the community. Plant height, on the other hand, was strongly correlated with bee species richness and abundance for hemp plots with taller varieties attracting a broader diversity of bee species. Because of its temporally unique flowering phenology, hemp has the potential to provide a critical nutritional resource to a diverse community of bees during a period of floral scarcity and thereby may help to sustain agroecosystem-wide pollination services for other crops in the landscape. As cultivation of hemp increases, growers, land managers, and policy makers should consider its value in supporting bee communities and take its attractiveness to bees into account when developing pest management strategies.”

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31789341

https://academic.oup.com/ee/advance-article/doi/10.1093/ee/nvz141/5634339

Alcohol Binge-Induced Cardiovascular Dysfunction Involves Endocannabinoid-CB1-R Signaling.

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 JACC: Basic to Translational Science“Excessive binge alcohol drinking may adversely affect cardiovascular function. In this study we characterize the detailed hemodynamic effects of an acute alcohol binge in mice using multiple approaches and investigate the role of the endocannabinoid-cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1-R) signaling in these effects. Acute alcohol binge was associated with elevated levels of cardiac endocannabinoid anandamide and profound cardiovascular dysfunction lasting for several hours and redistribution of circulation. These changes were attenuated by CB1-R antagonist or in CB1-R knockout mice. Our results suggest that a single alcohol binge has profound effects on the cardiovascular system, which involve endocannabinoid-CB1-R signaling.”

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31768478

“Alcohol is one of the most frequently used intoxicants in the United States. Binge alcohol drinking is a major contributor of emergency department visits. Binge alcohol drinking may adversely affect cardiovascular function. Here we show that acute alcohol intoxication is associated with elevated levels of cardiac endocannabinoid anandamide and profound cardiovascular dysfunction and blood redistribution lasting for several hours. The adverse cardiovascular effects of acute alcohol intoxication are attenuated by CB1-R antagonist or in CB1-R knockout mice. A single alcohol binge has profound effect on the cardiovascular system, which involves endocannabinoid-CB1-R signaling.”

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452302X19301755?via%3Dihub

The synthetic cannabinoid dehydroxylcannabidiol restores the function of a major GABAA receptor isoform in a cell model of hyperekplexia.

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Image result for journal of biological chemistry“The functions of the glycine receptor (GlyR) and γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAAR) are both impaired in hyperekplexia, a neurological disorder that is usually caused by GlyR mutations.

Although emerging evidence indicates that cannabinoids can directly restore normal GlyR function, whether they affect the GABAAR in hyperekplexia remains unknown.

Here, we show that dehydroxylcannabidiol (DH-CBD), a synthetic nonpsychoactive cannabinoid, restores both the GABA- and glycine-activated currents (IGABA and IGly ) in HEK-293 cells co-expressing a major GABAAR isoform (α1β2γ2) and GlyRα1 carrying a human hyperekplexia-associated mutation (GlyRα1 R271Q). Using co-immunoprecipitation and FRET assays, we found that DH-CBD disrupts the protein interaction between GABAAR and GlyRα1 R271Q

Furthermore, a point mutation of GlyRα1, changing Ser-296 to Ala-296, which is critical for cannabinoid binding on GlyR, significantly blocked the DH-CBD-induced restoration of IGABA and IGly currents. This S296A substitution also considerably attenuated the DH-CBD-induced disruption of the interaction between GlyRα1 R271Q and GABAAR.

These findings suggest that because it restores the functions of both GlyRα1 and GABAAR, DH-CBD may represent a potentially valuable candidate drug to manage hyperekplexia.”

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31757808

http://www.jbc.org/content/early/2019/11/22/jbc.RA119.011221

Investigating the causal effect of cannabis use on cognitive function with a quasi-experimental co-twin design.

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Drug and Alcohol Dependence“It is unclear whether cannabis use causes cognitive decline; several studies show an association between cannabis use and cognitive decline, but quasi-experimental twin studies have found little support for a causal effect.

Here, we evaluate the association of cannabis use with general cognitive ability and executive functions (EFs) while controlling for genetic and shared environmental confounds in a longitudinal twin study.

CONCLUSIONS:

We found little support for a potential causal effect of cannabis use on cognition, consistent with previous twin studies. Results suggest that cannabis use may not cause decline in cognitive ability among a normative sample of cannabis users.”

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31753729

“Overall, there was little evidence for causal effect of cannabis on cognition.”

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0376871619304892?via%3Dihub