“The levels of the endocannabinoids anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol.
In this study, we investigated the role of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the emotional and cognitive alterations associated with osteoarthritis pain.
Changes found in these biomarkers of the ECS correlated with pain, affective and cognitive symptoms in these patients.
The ECS plays a crucial role in osteoarthritis and represents an interesting pharmacological target and biomarker of this disease.”
“Both adenosine A1 and cannabinoid CB1 receptors trigger similar transduction pathways and protect against neurotoxic insults at the hippocampus, but their combined neuroprotective potential has not been investigated.
We set forth to assess the combined action of A1 and CB1 receptors against glutamate NMDA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity at the hippocampus…
The results suggest that both CB1 and A1 receptors produce additive cumulative neuroprotection against NMDA-induced excitotoxicity in the hippocampus.”
“Intrapartum-related events are the third leading cause of childhood mortality worldwide and result in one million neurodisabled survivors each year. Infants exposed to a perinatal insult typically present with neonatal encephalopathy (NE).
The contribution of pure hypoxia-ischaemia (HI) to NE has been debated; over the last decade, the sensitising effect of inflammation in the aetiology of NE and neurodisability is recognised.
Therapeutic hypothermia is standard care for NE in high-income countries; however, its benefit in encephalopathic babies with sepsis or in those born following chorioamnionitis is unclear.
It is now recognised that the phases of brain injury extend into a tertiary phase, which lasts for weeks to years after the initial insult and opens up new possibilities for therapy.
There has been a recent focus on understanding endogenous neuroprotection and how to boost it or to supplement its effectors therapeutically once damage to the brain has occurred as in NE.
In this review, we focus on strategies that can augment the body’s own endogenous neuroprotection.
We discuss in particular remote ischaemic postconditioning whereby endogenous brain tolerance can be activated through hypoxia/reperfusion stimuli started immediately after the index hypoxic-ischaemic insult.
Therapeutic hypothermia, melatonin, erythropoietin and cannabinoids are examples of ways we can supplement the endogenous response to HI to obtain its full neuroprotective potential.
Achieving the correct balance of interventions at the correct time in relation to the nature and stage of injury will be a significant challenge in the next decade.”
“Objective: To construct a eukaryotic expression vector containing human cannabinoid receptor 2 (hCB2R) gene and investigate its expression, location and the influence on the apoptosis of cervical cancer Caski cells.
Conclusion: The up-regulated expression of hCB2R could induce cell apoptosis by enhancing the expressions of Bax, Bad and suppressing the expression of Bcl-2 in Caski cells.”
“Marijuana and marijuana-based products have been used to treat medical disease.
Recently, derivatives of the plant have been separated or synthesized to treat various neurological disorders, many of them affecting children.
Unfortunately, data are sparse in regard to treating children with neurologic illness. Therefore, formal conclusions about the potential efficacy, benefit, and adverse effects for these products cannot be made at this time.
Further robust research using strong scientific methodology is desperately needed to formally evaluate the role of these products in children.”
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26060306
“The hypophysial pars tuberalis (PT) acts as an important interface between neuroendocrine brain centers (hypothalamus, pineal organ) and the pars distalis (PD) of the hypophysis.
Recently, we have identified an endocannabinoid system in the PT of hamsters and provided evidence that 2-arachidonoylglycerol is a messenger molecule that appears to play an essential role in seasonal reproduction and prolactin release by acting on the cannabinoid receptors in the PD.”
“We now demonstrate the enzymes involved in endocannabinoid synthesis and degradation, namely sn-1-selective diacylglycerol lipase α, N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D, and monoacylglycerol lipase, in the PT of man by means of immunohistochemistry.
High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry revealed 2-arachidonoylglycerol and other endocannabinoids in the human PT.
Furthermore, we detected the expression of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), a primary receptor for endocannabinoids, in the PD.
Our data thus indicate that the human PT comprises an endocannabinoid system, and that corticotrophs and FS-cells are the main target cells for endocannabinoids.
The functional significance of this newly discovered pathway remains to be elucidated in man; it might be related to the control of stress responses and/or reflect a remnant seasonal control of hypophysial hormonal secretion.”
“In the mammalian pineal gland, the rhythm in melatonin biosynthesis depends on the norepinephrine (NE)-driven regulation of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), the penultimate enzyme of melatonin biosynthesis.
A recent study showed that phytocannabinoids like tetrahydrocannabinol reduce AANAT activity and attenuate NE-induced melatonin biosynthesis in rat pineal glands, raising the possibility that an endocannabinoid system is present in the pineal gland…
In summary, the pineal gland comprises indispensable compounds of the endocannabinoid system indicating that endocannabinoids may be involved in the control of pineal physiology.”
“Cannabinoids, the active ingredient in marijuana, and their derivatives have received remarkable attention in the last two decades because they can affect tumor growth and metastasis.
There is a large body of evidence from in vivo and in vitro models showing that cannabinoids and their receptors influence the immune system, viral pathogenesis, and viral replication.
The present study reviews current insights into the role of cannabinoids and their receptors on viral infections.
The results reported here indicate that cannabinoids and their receptors have different sequels for viral infection.
Although activation or inhibition of cannabinoid receptors in the majority of viral infections are proper targets for development of safe and effective treatments, caution is required before using pharmaceutical cannabinoids as a treatment agent for patients with viral infections.”
“Excessive exposure to infrasound, a kind of low-frequency but high-intensity sound noise generated by heavy transportations and machineries, can cause vibroacoustic disease which is a progressive and systemic disease, and finally results in the dysfunction of central nervous system.
Our previous studies have demonstrated that glial cell-mediated inflammation may contribute to infrasound-induced neuronal impairment, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.
Here, we show that cannabinoid (CB) receptors may be involved in infrasound-induced neuronal injury.
…our results provide the first evidence that CB receptors may be involved in infrasound-induced neuronal impairment possibly by affecting the release of proinflammatory cytokines.”
“The active molecules in cannabis kill brain cancer — another study has revealed.”
“Scientists using an extract of whole-plant marijuana rich in pot’s main psychoactive ingredient THC as well as cannabidiol (CBD) showed “dramatic reductions in tumor volumes” of a type of brain cancer.” http://blog.sfgate.com/smellthetruth/2014/11/18/marijuana-kills-brain-cancer-new-study-confirms/
“Marijuana kills brain cancer, new study confirms. The active molecules in cannabis kill brain cancer — another study has revealed.” http://blog.seattlepi.com/marijuana/2014/11/18/marijuana-kills-brain-cancer-new-study-confirms/#13130101=0
“Marijuana Kills Brain Cancer Cells. Researchers have found that the THC in marijuana causes brain cancer cells to die in both mice and humans.” http://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/health/Marijuana_Kills_Brain_Cancer_Cells_All__National_.html
“Marijuana Kills Brain Cancer, New Study Confirms” http://cancerguide.byethost8.com/marijuana-kills-brain-cancer-new-study-confirms-sfgate-blog/