Cannabinoid receptor 1 deficiency in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease leads to enhanced cognitive impairment despite of a reduction in amyloid deposition.

“Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid-β deposition in amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, inflammation, neuronal loss, and cognitive deficits. Cannabinoids display neuromodulatory and neuroprotective effects and affect memory acquisition. Here, we studied the impact of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) deficiency on the development of AD pathology…

…the findings indicate that CB1 deficiency can worsen AD-related cognitive deficits and support a potential role of CB1 as a pharmacologic target.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23838176

Structure-dependent inhibitory effects of synthetic cannabinoids against 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced inflammation and skin tumour promotion in mice.

“Whether and how synthetic cannabinoids affect inflammation and carcinogenesis has not been well studied. The present study was thus conducted to assess effects of synthetic cannabinoids on inflammation and carcinogenesis in vivo in mice…

The present results suggest that synthetic cannabinoids, such as JWH-018, -122 and -210, may be used as cancer chemopreventive agents in the future.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23837590

Biochemical and immunohistochemical changes in delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-treated type 2 diabetic rats.

“The regulation of glucose, lipid metabolism and immunoreactivities of insulin and glucagon peptides by delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) in diabetes were examined in an experimental rat model… 

These results indicate that Δ9-THC may serve a protective role against hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia in diabetic rats.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23845579

CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor Agonist Prevents NGF-Induced Sensitization of TRPV1 in Sensory Neurons.

“The transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 channel (TRPV1) and nerve growth factor (NGF) are important mediators of inflammatory pain…

Cannabinoids, by activating CB1 G protein-coupled receptors, produce analgesia in a variety of pain models, though the exact mechanisms are not known. We tested the hypothesis that activation of the CB1 receptor by cannabinoids attenuates NGF-induced TRPV1 sensitization….

These results support the hypothesis that cannabinoids, acting through CB1 receptors, may produce analgesia in part by preventing NGF-induced sensitization of TRPV1 in afferent nociceptor nerve endings.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23850608

Cannabidiol provides long-lasting protection against the deleterious effects of inflammation in a viral model of multiple sclerosis: A role for A2A receptors.

“Inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) is a complex process that involves a multitude of molecules and effectors, and it requires the transmigration of blood leukocytes across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the activation of resident immune cells. Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychotropic cannabinoid constituent of Cannabis sativa, has potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties.

 …Moreover, CBD administration at the time of viral infection exerts long-lasting effects, ameliorating motor deficits in the chronic phase of the disease in conjunction with reduced microglial activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Adenosine A2A receptors participate in some of the anti-inflammatory effects of CBD…

Together, our findings highlight the anti-inflammatory effects of CBD in this viral model of MS, and demonstrate the significant therapeutic potential of this compound for the treatment of pathologies with an inflammatory component.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23851307

Cannabinoid receptor subtypes 1 and 2 mediate long-lasting neuroprotection and improve motor behavior deficits after transient focal cerebral ischemia.

“The endocannabinoid system is crucially involved in the regulation of brain activity and inflammation… we show that the endocannabinoid system assembles a comprehensive machinery to defend the brain against the devastating consequences of cerebral ischemia.

 In summary, this study underlines the therapeutic potential of CB1 and/or CB2 receptor agonists against neurodegenerative diseases or injuries involving acute or chronic imbalances of cerebral blood flow and energy consumption.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23069763

Role of cannabinoid CB2 receptor in the reinforcing actions of ethanol.

“This study examines the role of the cannabinoid CB2 receptor (CB2 r) on the vulnerability to ethanol consumption… These results suggest that deletion of the CB2 r gene increased preference for and vulnerability to ethanol consumption…

Future studies will determine the role of CB2 r as a target for the treatment of problems related with alcohol consumption.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23855434

Cannabis and psychosis: Have we found the missing links?

The association between cannabis and psychosis has long been a matter of debate, with cannabis widely perceived as a harmless recreational drug.

Heavy cannabis use at a n young age, in association with genetic liability to psychosis and exposure to environmental stressors like childhood trauma and urban upbringing increases the risk of psychotic outcome in later life.

Cannabis acts as a component cause of psychosis, that is, it increases the risk of psychosis in people with certain genetic or environmental vulnerabilities, though by itself, it is neither a sufficient nor a necessary cause of psychosis.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23810133

Cannabis use does not cause schizophrenia

“According to a new report by a British government advisory body, the regular use of cannabis though it can have real and significant mental health effects it is unlikely to cause schizophrenia.

The Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs says that based on current evidence smoking cannabis was likely to increase the chances of developing schizophrenia by just one per cent.”

More: http://www.news-medical.net/news/2006/01/24/15577.aspx

Marijuana’s Link to Schizophrenia Debated – American News report

“With the growing use of medical marijuana to treat chronic pain and other health problems, the debate over the medical effects of the drug on the human mind continue to make their way through the medical community.

The latest salvo comes from researchers in Australia and England.  At the center of the debate is the possible relationship between marijuana (cannabis) and mental illnesses such as schizophrenia.

Castle cites one study that indicated people with schizophrenia had a lifetime rate of cannabis exposure of 97 percent – meaning almost all of them have tried the drug.  Yet, he also notes that most people who use cannabis do not develop schizophrenia, and that many people diagnosed with schizophrenia have never used cannabis.

“Therefore, it is likely that cannabis exposure is a ‘component cause’ that interacts with other factors to ‘cause’ schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders, but is neither necessary nor sufficient to do so alone,” Castle wrote.

However, the authors of the accompanying article are not as convinced that the prevailing scientific evidence proves a relationship exists between pot use and schizophrenia.”

More: http://americannewsreport.com/marijuanas-link-to-schizophrenia-debated-8817482