Category Archives: Pain

Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 Antagonist, AM251, Attenuates Mechanical Allodynia and Thermal Hyperalgesia after Burn Injury.

Posted on by

“Burn injury causes nociceptive behaviors, and inflammation-related pathologic pain can lead to glial cell activation. This study tested the hypothesis that burn injury activates glial cells, and cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) antagonist, AM251, will decrease burn pain.

CONCLUSIONS::

AM251 inhibited nociceptive behaviors after burn even beyond 7-day period of administration. Although many studies have documented the utility of CB1R agonists, this study indicates that endogenous cannabinoids may have an unexpected pronociceptive effect during development of burn pain, explaining why CB1R antagonist, AM251, improves nociceptive behaviors.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25188001

Neuropathic orofacial pain: cannabinoids as a therapeutic avenue.

Posted on by

“Neuropathic orofacial pain (NOP) exists in several forms including pathologies such as burning mouth syndrome (BMS), persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP), trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN).

The pathophysiology of some of these conditions is still unclear and hence treatment options tend to vary and include a wide variety of treatments including cognitive behavior therapy, anti-depressants, anti-convulsants and opioids; however such treatments often have limited efficacy with a great amount of inter-patient variability and poorly tolerated side effects.

Analgesia is one the principal therapeutic targets of the cannabinoid system and many studies have demonstrated the efficacy of cannabinoid compounds in the treatment of neuropathic pain.

This review will investigate the potential use of cannabinoids in the treatment of symptoms associated with NOP.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25150831

http://www.thctotalhealthcare.com/category/neuropathic-pain/

The Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy, Safety, and Ease of Use of a Novel Portable Metered-Dose Cannabis Inhaler in Patients With Chronic Neuropathic Pain: A Phase 1a Study.

Posted on by

“Chronic neuropathic pain is often refractory to standard pharmacological treatments.

Although growing evidence supports the use of inhaled cannabis for neuropathic pain, the lack of standard inhaled dosing plays a major obstacle in cannabis becoming a “main stream” pharmacological treatment for neuropathic pain.

The objective of this study was to explore the pharmacokinetics, safety, tolerability, efficacy, and ease of use of a novel portable thermal-metered-dose inhaler (tMDI) for cannabis in a cohort of eight patients suffering from chronic neuropathic pain and on a stable analgesic regimen including medicinal cannabis…

This trial suggests the potential use of the Syqe Inhaler device as a smokeless delivery system of medicinal cannabis, producing a Δ9-THC pharmacokinetic profile with low interindividual variation of Cmax, achieving pharmaceutical standards for inhaled drugs.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25118789

http://www.thctotalhealthcare.com/category/neuropathic-pain/

Acute Resistance Exercise Induces Antinociception by Activation of the Endocannabinoid System in Rats.

Posted on by

“Resistance exercise (RE) is also known as strength training, and it is performed to increase the strength and mass of muscles, bone strength, and metabolism. RE has been increasingly prescribed for pain relief. However, the endogenous mechanisms underlying this antinociceptive effect are still largely unexplored. Thus, we investigated the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in RE-induced antinociception…

The present study suggests that a single session of RE activates the endocannabinoid system to induce antinociception.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24977916

Cannabis very effective as painkiller after a major sugery

Posted on by

Fight For medical Marijuana

“The very existence of cannabis as a substance with possible medical use is a contentious topic, to say the least. Its status as an illicit substance is hotly debated, with proponents from both sides (for and against legalization) engaged in a decades-long battle.

The status of marijuana in the United States as a Schedule I Substance under the Controlled Substances Act means not only that it is highly illegal to possess, but it is classified along the likes of cocaine, heroine, and crystal meth.

Schedule I substances are those that a) have high potential to be abused; b) have no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States; and c) are lacking in accepted safety in use under medical supervision.

All of these qualifiers are potentially important in classifying drugs and substances, but many people argue that marijuana does not belong in Schedule I…

Pain after surgery remains a problem in the medical community, and traditional prescribed painkillers often have unpleasant side effects as well as diminishing benefits.

Cannabis extracts work due to the cannabinoid receptors in the human brain.

Cannabinoids from marijuana help to effectively strengthen the body’s ability to reduce pain sensation.”

http://www.royalqueenseeds.com/blog-cannabis-very-effective-as-painkiller-after-a-major-sugery–n55

Cannabis very effective as painkiller after a major sugery

Cannabis as painkiller

Posted on by

ScienceDaily: Your source for the latest research news

“Cannabis-based medications have been demonstrated to relieve pain.

Cannabis medications can be used in patients whose symptoms are not adequately alleviated by conventional treatment.

The clinical effect of the various cannabis-based medications rests primarily on activation of endogenous cannabinoid receptors.

Consumption of therapeutic amounts by adults does not lead to irreversible cognitive impairment.”

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/08/120807101232.htm

http://www.thctotalhealthcare.com/category/pain-2/

Role of ionotropic cannabinoid receptors in peripheral antinociception and antihyperalgesia

Posted on by

Figure 1

“Although cannabinoids have been used for millennia for treating pain and other symptoms, their mechanisms of action remain obscure.

With the heralded identification of multiple G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediating cannabinoid effects nearly two decades ago, the mystery of cannabinoid pharmacology was thought to be solved…

Despite the wealth of information on cannabinoid-induced peripheral antihyperalgesic and antinociceptive effects in many pain models, the molecular mechanism(s) for these actions remains unknown.

Although metabotropic cannabinoid receptors have important roles in many pharmacological actions of cannabinoids, recent studies have led to the recognition of a family of at least five ionotropic cannabinoid receptors (ICRs). The known ICRs are members of the family of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and include TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV4, TRPM8 and TRPA1.

Cannabinoid activation of ICRs can result in desensitization of the TRPA1 and TRPV1 channel activities, inhibition of nociceptors and antihyperalgesia and antinociception in certain pain models.

Thus, cannabinoids activate both metabotropic and ionotropic mechanisms to produce peripheral analgesic effects.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2863326/

Activation through cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 on dendritic cells triggers NF-kappaB-dependent apoptosis: novel role for endogenous and exogenous cannabinoids in immunoregulation.

Posted on by

<br /> FIGURE 1.<br />

“Cannabinoids are compounds derived from the Cannabis sativa (marijuana) plant, as well as produced endogenously in the brain and by immune cells. Cannabinoids mediate their effect through cannabinoid receptors (CB), designated CB1 and CB2, which belong to a superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors.

CB1 receptors are expressed at high levels in CNS, where they regulate psychoactivity. CB1 receptors are also expressed on immune cells. In contrast, the CB2 receptors are primarily expressed on immune cells and do not contribute to the psychoactivity. The presence of endogenous CB-ligand systems in immune cells suggests that they may play a critical physiological role, the precise nature of which remains to be characterized.

Cannabinoids can decrease the immune response… Cannabinoids have also been widely used in the treatment of pain and inflammation.

Moreover, preliminary studies have shown the possible use of cannabinoids in the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis.

Recent studies from our lab demonstrated that Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) can trigger apoptosis in vivo in thymocytes and splenocytes, which may account for immunosuppression.

 We demonstrate for the first time that THC and endocannabinoids such as anandamide can induce apoptosis in DCs through activation of CB1 and CB2 receptors.

These studies provide the basis for understanding the mechanism by which THC triggers immunosuppression and mediates anti-inflammatory properties.

Many studies have suggested the use of THC or related cannabinoids in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.”

http://www.jimmunol.org/content/173/4/2373.long

The plant cannabinoid Delta9-tetrahydrocannabivarin can decrease signs of inflammation and inflammatory pain in mice.

Posted on by

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.<br /><br /> Object name is bph0160-0677-f1.jpg

“The phytocannabinoid, Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), can block cannabinoid CB(1) receptors… THCV can activate CB(2) receptors… THCV can activate CB2 receptors and decrease signs of inflammation and inflammatory pain in mice partly via CB1 and/or CB2 receptor activation…

Because there is evidence that THCV can behave as a CB1 receptor antagonist in vivo, it would also be of interest to explore the possibility that this compound can suppress unwanted symptoms in animal models of disorders in which symptoms can be ameliorated by a combination of CB2 receptor activation and CB1 receptor blockade…”  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2931567/