“The plant Cannabis sativa L. has been used as an herbal remedy for centuries and is the most important source of phytocannabinoids.
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) consists of receptors, endogenous ligands (endocannabinoids) and metabolizing enzymes, and plays an important role in different physiological and pathological processes.
Phytocannabinoids and synthetic
cannabinoids can interact with the components of ECS or other cellular pathways and thus affect the development/progression of diseases, including cancer.
In cancer patients,
cannabinoids have primarily been used as a part of palliative care to alleviate pain, relieve nausea and stimulate appetite.
In addition, numerous cell culture and animal studies showed antitumor effects of
cannabinoids in various cancer types.
Here we reviewed the literature on anticancer effects of plant-derived and synthetic
cannabinoids, to better understand their mechanisms of action and role in cancer treatment. We also reviewed the current legislative updates on the use of
cannabinoids for medical and therapeutic purposes, primarily in the EU countries.
In vitro and in vivo cancer models show that
cannabinoids can effectively modulate tumor growth, however, the antitumor effects appear to be largely dependent on cancer type and drug dose/concentration.
Understanding how
cannabinoids are able to regulate essential cellular processes involved in tumorigenesis, such as progression through the cell cycle, cell proliferation and cell death, as well as the interactions between
cannabinoids and the immune system, are crucial for improving existing and developing new therapeutic approaches for cancer patients.
The national legislation of the EU Member States defines the legal boundaries of permissible use of
cannabinoids for medical and therapeutic purposes, however, these legislative guidelines may not be aligned with the current scientific knowledge.”
“Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of cannabinoid 2 receptor (CB2R) in the rat cochlea which was induced by cisplatin. In an organ of Corti-derived cell culture model, it was also shown that an agonist of the CB2R protected these cells against cisplatin-induced apoptosis.
In the current study, we determined the distribution of CB2R in the mouse and rat cochleae and examined whether these receptors provide protection against cisplatin-induced hearing loss.
These data unmask a protective role of the cochlear endocannabinoid/CB2R system which appears tonically active under normal conditions to preserve normal hearing. However, an exogenous agonist is needed to boost the activity of endocannabinoid/CB2R system for protection against a more traumatic cochlear insult, as observed with cisplatin administration.”
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30186120
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2018.00271/full
“Stressful conditions affect the brain’s neurotransmission and neural pathways that are involved in seizure susceptibility. Stress alters the intensity and/or frequency of seizures.
Although evidence indicates that chronic stress exerts proconvulsant effects and acute stress has anticonvulsant properties, the underlying mechanisms which mediate these effects are not well understood.
In the present study, we assessed the role of endogenous opioids, endocannabinoids, as well as functional interaction between opioid and 
“The gut microbiota plays a fundamental role on the education and function of the host immune system.
Immunological dysregulation is the cause of numerous human disorders such as autoimmune diseases and metabolic disorders frequently associated with inflammatory processes therefore is critical to explore novel mechanisms involved in maintaining the immune system homeostasis.
The 
“The recent legalization of recreational marijuana use in some parts of the world, the discovery of new indications for the clinical application of 
“Compounds extracted from the cannabis plant, including the psychoactive Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and related phytocannabinoids, evoke multiple diverse biological actions as ligands of the G protein-coupled 
“A total of sixteen Holstein dairy cows (35 ± 1.1 kg/d of milk yield) were randomly assigned to consider the effects of feeding omega-3 sources on endometrial