Tag Archives: cannabinoid receptors

The antitumor action of cannabinoids on glioma tumorigenesis.

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“Cannabinoids are a class of chemical compounds with a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects, mediated by two specific plasma membrane receptors (CB1 and CB2).

Recently, CB1 and CB2 expression levels have been detected in human tumors, including those of brain.

Cannabinoids-endocannabinoids exert anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, anti-invasive, anti-metastatic and pro-apoptotic effects in different cancer types, both in vitro and in vivo in animal models, after local or systemic administration.

We present the available experimental and clinical data, to date, regarding the antitumor action of cannabinoids on the tumorigenesis of gliomas.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25472761

http://www.thctotalhealthcare.com/category/gllomas/

The antinociceptive effect of Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in the arthritic rat involves the CB(2) cannabinoid receptor.

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“Cannabinoid CB(2) receptors have been implicated in antinociception in animal models of both acute and chronic pain.

We evaluated the role both cannabinoid CB(1) and CB(2) receptors in mechanonociception in non-arthritic and arthritic rats.

The antinociceptive effect of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta(9)THC) was determined…

Our results indicate that the cannabinoid CB(2) receptor plays a critical role in cannabinoid-mediated antinociception, particularly in models of chronic inflammatory pain.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17588560

http://www.thctotalhealthcare.com/category/arthritis/

http://www.thctotalhealthcare.com/category/pain-2/

Cannabinoids and muscular pain. Effectiveness of the local administration in rat.

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“Pain associated with musculoskeletal disorders can be difficult to control and the incorporation of new approaches for its treatment is an interesting challenge.

Activation of cannabinoid (CB) receptors decreases nociceptive transmission in acute, inflammatory and neuropathic pain states…

Our results provide evidence that both, CB 1 and CB 2 receptors can contribute to muscular antinociception and, interestingly, suggest that the local administration of CB agonists could be a new and useful pharmacological strategy in the treatment of muscular pain, avoiding adverse effects induced by systemic administration.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22354705

http://www.thctotalhealthcare.com/category/pain-2/

Involvement of central and peripheral cannabinoid receptors on antinociceptive effect of tetrahydrocannabinol in muscle pain.

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“Cannabinoid (CB) receptors have emerged as an attractive therapeutic target for pain management in recent years and the interest in the use of cannabinoids is gradually increasing, particularly in patients where conventional treatments fail…

This study suggests that THC could be a future pharmacological option in the treatment of muscle pain.

The local administration of THC could be an interesting option to treat this type of pain avoiding the central adverse effects.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25446925

http://www.thctotalhealthcare.com/category/pain-2/

Cannabinoids: New Promising Agents in the Treatment of Neurological Diseases.

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“Nowadays, Cannabis sativa is considered the most extensively used narcotic. Nevertheless, this fame obscures its traditional employ in native medicine of South Africa, South America, Turkey, Egypt and in many regions of Asia as a therapeutic drug.

In fact, the use of compounds containing Cannabis and their introduction in clinical practice is still controversial and strongly limited by unavoidable psychotropic effects. So, overcoming these adverse effects represents the main open question on the utilization of cannabinoids as new drugs for treatment of several pathologies.

To date, therapeutic use of cannabinoid extracts is prescribed in patients with glaucoma, in the control of chemotherapy-related vomiting and nausea, for appetite stimulation in patients with anorexia-cachexia syndrome by HIV, and for the treatment of multiple sclerosis symptoms.

Recently, researcher efforts are aimed to employ the therapeutic potentials of Cannabis sativa in the modulation of cannabinoid receptor activity within the central nervous system, particularly for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, as well as psychiatric and non-psychiatric disorders.

This review evaluates the most recent available data on cannabinoids utilization in experimental and clinical studies, and highlights their beneficial effects in the prevention of the main neurological diseases and for the clinical treatment of symptoms with them correlated.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25407719

Cannabinoids in the treatment of pain

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“Cannabinoids and the endo-cannabinoid system play an important role in the sensation of pain. As conventional analgesics are often associated with serious side-effects, cannabinoids and agonists of their receptors offer a useful alternative or coanalgesic in the treatment of pain. The aim of this work is to summarize the role of cannabinoids and their receptors in nociception and pain treatment.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2991928/

“Cannabinoids seem to be effective against neuropathic pain, inflammatory pain, post-operative pain and cancer pain. Their use as analgesics or coanalgesics may offer a useful alterative option for pain management in clinical practice.” http://www.annals-general-psychiatry.com/content/9/S1/S232/abstract

http://www.thctotalhealthcare.com/category/pain-2/

Anti-aversive role of the endocannabinoid system in the periaqueductal gray stimulation model of panic attacks in rats.

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“Direct activation of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor in the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray (dlPAG) inhibits anxiety- and panic-related behaviours in experimental animals. It has remained unclear, however, whether the local endocannabinoid signalling is recruited as a protective mechanism against aversive stimuli.

The present study tested the hypothesis that the endocannabinoid system counteracts aversive responses in the dlPAG-stimulation model of panic attacks…

The endocannabinoid system in the dlPAG attenuates the behavioural, cellular and cardiovascular consequences of aversive stimuli. This process may be considered for the development of additional treatments against panic and other anxiety-related disorders.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25388290

http://www.thctotalhealthcare.com/category/panic-attack/

Therapeutic Potential of Non-Psychotropic Cannabidiol in Ischemic Stroke

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“Cannabis contains over 60 different terpeno-phenol compounds…

cannabidiol (CBD), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabidivarin (CBDV) are known as non-psychoactive components of cannabis.

These compounds have shown anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, analgesic, anxiolytic and anti-cancer effects…

Cannabinoids may play a role in neuroprotection in disorders such as stroke, Parkinson’s disease, traumatic brain injury and epilepsy…

It is well-known that delta9-THC and other cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonists are neuroprotective during global and focal ischemic injury…

Accumulating data now suggest that cannabinoid CB1 receptors contribute to neuroprotection… Emerging data now support the evidence of the anti-inflammatory action of CBD…

 We have previously reported that CBD  has a potent and long-lasting neuroprotective effect when administered both pre- and post-ischemia, whereas only pre-ischemic treatment with delta9-THC reduced the infarction size…

These results suggest that CBD may prevent post-ischemic injury progressively induced by ischemic stroke….

…anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and neuroprotective effects of CBD. In particular, CBD exerts positive pharmacological effects in ischemic stroke and other chronic diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and rheumatoid arthritis.

The cerebroprotective action of CBD is CB1 receptor-independent, long-lasting, and has potent anti-oxidant activity. Importantly, CBD use does not lead to tolerance.

In the last 10 years, it has been possible to demonstrate that CBD has the following unique therapeutic profile: 1) a cannabinoid receptor-independent mechanism, 2) long-lasting cerebro- protective effect after ischemic stroke, and lack of development of tolerance.

Moreover, CBD has almost no side effects, including psychotropic activity.

Preliminary studies highlight the fact that the multifunctional actions of CBD may lead to benefits in more complex systems within the brain after ischemic stroke.

CBD offers new therapeutic possibilities for treating ischemic stroke…”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4036658/

http://www.thctotalhealthcare.com/category/stroke-2/

Cannabinoids inhibit migration of microglial-like cells to the HIV protein Tat.

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“Microglia are a population of macrophage-like cells in the central nervous system (CNS) which, upon infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), secrete a plethora of inflammatory factors, including the virus-specified trans-activating protein Tat.

Tat has been implicated in HIV neuropathogenesis since it elicits chemokines, cytokines, and a chemotactic response from microglia. It also harbors a β-chemokine receptor binding motif, articulating a mode by which it acts as a migration stimulus.

Since select cannabinoids have anti-inflammatory properties, cross the blood-brain barrier, and target specific receptors, they have potential to serve as agents for dampening untoward neuroimmune responses.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of select cannabinoids on the migration of microglial-like cells toward Tat.

…it was demonstrated that the exogenous cannabinoids Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and CP55940 exerted a concentration-related reduction in the migration of BV-2 cells towards Tat.

These results indicate that cannabinoid-mediated inhibition of BV-2 microglial-like cell migration to Tat is linked functionally to the CB2R…”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21735070

Cannabinoid inhibition of macrophage migration to the trans-activating (Tat) protein of HIV-1 is linked to the CB(2) cannabinoid receptor.

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“Macrophages and macrophage-like cells are important targets of HIV-1 infection at peripheral sites and in the central nervous system…

 

Collectively, the pharmacological and biochemical knockdown data indicate that cannabinoid-mediated modulation of macrophage migration to the HIV-1 Tat protein is linked to the CB(2)cannabinoid receptor.

Furthermore, these results suggest that the CB(2) cannabinoid receptor has potential to serve as a therapeutic target for ablation of HIV-1-associated untoward inflammatory response.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2846023/

 http://www.thctotalhealthcare.com/category/hivaids/