Tag Archives: THC

Cannabinoids Inhibit T-cells via Cannabinoid Receptor 2 in an in vitro Assay for Graft Rejection, the Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction

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“Cannabinoids are known to have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties.

Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) is expressed mainly on leukocytes and is the receptor implicated in mediating many of the effects of cannabinoids on immune processes.

This study tested the capacity of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and of two CB2-selective agonists to inhibit the murine Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction (MLR), an in vitro correlate of graft rejection following skin and organ transplantation. Both CB2-selective agonists and Δ9-THC significantly suppressed the MLR in a dose dependent fashion…

Together, these data support the potential of this class of compounds as useful therapies to prolong graft survival in transplant patients.

Cannabinoids were reported to have effects on immune responses as early as the 1970s, but the basis for this activity was not understood until the cannabinoid receptors were cloned

Ideally, the anatomically disparate expression of CB1 and CB2 would allow for the use of compounds selective for CB2, and thus eliminate the unwanted psychoactive effects from CB1 activation, while maintaining the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties.

CB2-selective cannabinoids have been proposed as possible candidates to block graft rejection.

The results presented in this paper show that Δ9-THC, a mixed CB1/CB2 agonist, and two CB2-selective agonists can inhibit the Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction (MLR), an in vitro correlate of organ and skin graft rejection.”

 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3864984/

Effects of Cannabinoids on T-cell Function and Resistance to Infection.

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“This review examines the effects of cannabinoids on immune function, with a focus on effects on T-cells, as well as on resistance to infection. The paper considers the immune modulating capacity of marijuana, of ∆9-THC extracted from the marijuana plant, and synthetic cannabinoids…

The overall conclusion of the studies discussed in this review is that cannabinoids that bind to the CB2 receptor, including ∆9-THC and CB2 selective agonists are immunosuppressive.

The studies provide objective evidence for potentially beneficial effects of marijuana and ∆9-THC on the immune system in conditions where it is desirable to dampen immune responses.

An emerging area of investigation that is reviewed is evidence to support the conclusion that CB2 selective agonists are a new class of immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory compounds that may have exceptional beneficial effects in a variety of conditions, such as autoimmune diseases and graft rejection, where it is desirable to dampen the immune response without psychoactive effects.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25876735

http://www.thctotalhealthcare.com/category/autoimmune-disease/

Cannabis and cardiotoxicity.

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“Cannabis is the most commonly consumed illicit drug… Despite the drug’s extreme popularity, reports of cannabis-related stroke and myocardial infarction are so rare as to still be reportable… The observation that cardiotoxicity has never been reported in cancer patients taking dronabinol, the synthetic form of THC, tends to suggest that animal studies may have overstated the cardiovascular risk,” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25868498

http://www.thctotalhealthcare.com/category/cardiovascular-disease/

Gonadal hormones do not alter the development of antinociceptive tolerance to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in adult rats.

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“The purpose of this study was to determine whether sex differences in the development of antinociceptive tolerance to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are due to activational effects of gonadal hormones…

These results suggest that greater antinociceptive tolerance in females, which occurred despite females receiving 40% less THC than males, is not due to activational effects of gonadal hormones.”

A sativex-like combination of phytocannabinoids as a disease-modifying therapy in a viral model of multiple sclerosis.

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“Sativex® is an oromucosal spray, containing equivalent amounts of Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9 -THC) and cannabidiol (CBD)-botanical drug substance (BDS), and which has been approved for the treatment of spasticity and pain associated to multiple sclerosis (MS).

In this study, we investigated whether Sativex® may also serve as a disease-modifying agent in the Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus induced demyelinating disease model of MS…

The data support the therapeutic potential of Sativex® to slow MS progression and its relevance in CNS repair.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25857324

http://www.thctotalhealthcare.com/category/multiple-sclerosis-ms/

 

Efficacy of Inhaled Cannabis on Painful Diabetic Neuropathy.

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“A randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled crossover study was conducted in 16 patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy to assess the short-term efficacy and tolerability of inhaled cannabis.

In a cross-over design, each participant was exposed to a single dosing session of placebo, low (1% tetrahydrocannabinol, THC), medium (4% THC), or high (7% THC) doses of cannabis…

This small, short-term, placebo-controlled trial of inhaled cannabis demonstrated a dose dependent reduction in diabetic peripheral neuropathy pain in patients with treatment-refractory pain.

This adds preliminary evidence to support further research on the efficacy of the cannabinoids in neuropathic pain.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25843054

http://www.thctotalhealthcare.com/category/neuropathic-pain/

Reduction by Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in the blood pressure of hypertensive rats bearing regenerated adrenal glands

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“A suspension of (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) was administered daily for one week by i.p. injection to female rats showing the syndrome of adrenal regeneration hypertension (ARH)…

The findings indicate that Δ9-THC, at a moderate dose for the rat, is capable of lowering the blood pressure in rats suffering from adrenal regeneration hypertension and that chronic administration of Δ9-THC does not appear to stimulate the pituitary-adrenal axis, in contrast to reported effects of acute administration.”

 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1776093/

http://www.thctotalhealthcare.com/category/hypertension-high-blood-pressure/

Propagation through alginate encapsulation of axillary buds of Cannabis sativa L. — an important medicinal plant

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“Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae) is an important medicinal plant well known for its pharmacologic and therapeutic potency…

These plants are selected to be used in mass cultivation for the production of biomass as a starting material for the isolation of THC as a bulk active pharmaceutical.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3550375/

http://www.thctotalhealthcare.com/category/thc-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol/

 

Differential effect of cannabinol and cannabidiol on THC-induced responses during abstinence in morphine-dependent rats.

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“The same dose of cannabinol (CBN) or cannabidiol (CBD) further increased the attenuation of precipitated abstinence signs observed in morphine-dependent rats that also received an acute dose of delta 9-THC. By contrast, rotational behavior (turning), which is observed concomitantly in THC-treated rats during morphine abstinence, was not increased by CBN, but was potentiated by CBD.

These data illustrate differences between psychoinactive cannabinoids in their interaction with delta 9-THC that might be relevant to possible clinical use of Cannabis in narcotic detoxification.”