“Introduction: Brain tumors have high morbidity and mortality rates, accounting for 1.4% of all cancers. Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults. Currently, several thera-peutic approaches are used; however, they are associated with side effects that affect pa-tients’quality of life. Therefore, further studies are needed to develop novel therapeutic protocols with a more favorable side effect profile. In this context, cannabinoid compounds may serve as potential alternatives.

Objective: This study aimed to review the key enzymatic targets involved in glioma pathophysi-ology and evaluate the potential interaction of these targets with four cannabinoid derivatives through molecular docking simulations.

Methods: Molecular docking simulations were performed using four cannabinoid compounds and six molecular targets associated with glioma pathophysiology.

Results: Encouraging interactions between the selected enzymes and glioma-related targets were observed, suggesting their potential activity through these pathways. In particular, cannabigerol showed promising interactions with epidermal growth factor receptors and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, while Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol showed remarkable interactions with telomerase reverse transcriptase.

Conclusion: The evaluated compounds exhibited favorable interactions with the analyzed enzy-matic targets, thus representing potential candidates for further in vitro and in vivo studies.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37649287/

https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/134162

“Background: Accumulating evidence suggests overexpression of Eph receptors is associated with malignant human gliomas. Inhibiting interactions of Eph receptors with their ephrin ligands may improve clinical outcomes in glioma patients. The present study investigated the potential of cannabinoids to bind Eph receptors and block Eph/ephrin interactions.

Methods: Twelve major cannabinoids were computationally docked with ligand binding domains from six glioma-associated Eph receptors through Auto Dock Vina to measure their potential binding affinities. The molecular structures and residue interactions of the most favorable poses for each receptor binding domain were further visually examined.

Results: Cannabichromene (CBC) exhibited the most favorable binding with EphA2, EphA3, and EphB4 receptor ligand binding domains while tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was predicted to bind favorably with EphB2 and EphB3 receptor ligand binding domains. EphA4 showed the best potential binding affinity with cannabidivarin (CBDV). Further analysis revealed that these cannabinoids bind to specific locations on Eph receptors required for Eph/ephrin interactions.

Conclusion: The findings suggest that certain cannabinoids can effectively bind to hydrophobic pockets required for ephrin binding and thereby be used to block subsequent Eph/ephrin interactions.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36468933/

“Phytocannabinoids represent a promising approach in glioblastoma therapy.

Previous work has shown that a combined treatment of glioblastoma cells with submaximal effective concentrations of psychoactive Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and non-psychoactive cannabidiol (CBD) greatly increases cell death.

In the present work, the glioblastoma cell lines U251MG and U138MG were used to investigate whether the combination of THC and CBD in a 1:1 ratio is associated with a disruption of cellular energy metabolism, and whether this is caused by affecting mitochondrial respiration.

Here, the combined administration of THC and CBD (2.5 µM each) led to an inhibition of oxygen consumption rate and energy metabolism. These effects were accompanied by morphological changes to the mitochondria, a release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytosol and a marked reduction in subunits of electron transport chain complexes I (NDUFA9, NDUFB8) and IV (COX2, COX4). Experiments with receptor antagonists and inhibitors showed that the degradation of NDUFA9 occurred independently of the activation of the cannabinoid receptors CB₁, CB₂ and TRPV1 and of usual degradation processes mediated via autophagy or the proteasomal system.

In summary, the results describe a previously unknown mitochondria-targeting mechanism behind the toxic effect of THC and CBD on glioblastoma cells that should be considered in future cancer therapy, especially in combination strategies with other chemotherapeutics.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35804909/

“Cannabidiol (CBD) is a phytocannabinoid from Cannabis sativa L. that exhibits no psychoactivity and, like the psychoactive cannabinoid Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), shows anticancer effects in preclinical cell and animal models. Previous studies have indicated a stronger cancer-targeting effect when THC and CBD are combined. Here, we investigated how the combination of THC and CBD in a 1:1 ratio affects glioblastoma cell survival. The compounds were found to synergistically enhance cell death, which was attributed to mitochondrial damage and disruption of energy metabolism. A detailed look at the mitochondrial electron transfer chain showed that THC/CBD selectively decreased certain subunits of complexes I and IV. These data highlight the fundamental changes in cellular energy metabolism when cancer cells are exposed to a mixture of cannabinoids and underscore the potential of combining cannabinoids in cancer treatment.”

https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/13/3129