“Background: While six U.S. states have already officially authorized cannabinoids to substitute opioids and treat opioid use disorder, the therapeutic benefits of cannabinoids remain unclear, especially when weighted against their adverse effects.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies examining the association between opioid withdrawal and cannabis use or delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) administration. We searched multiple databases from inception to July 30, 2022, and assessed study quality.

Results: Eleven studies were identified, with a total of 5330 participants, of whom 64 % were male. Nine observational studies examined the association between cannabis use and opioid withdrawal. Two randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials (RCTs) investigated the withdrawal-alleviating effects of dronabinol, a synthetic form of THC. Four observational studies found an association between cannabis use and the alleviation of opioid withdrawal; one reported exacerbation of opioid withdrawal symptoms; and four reported no association. RCTs reported that THC alleviated opioid withdrawal, albeit with dose-dependent increases in measures of abuse liability, dysphoria, and tachycardia. There was high heterogeneity in measurements of opioid withdrawal and the type and dose of opioid at baseline.

Conclusions: Although there is preliminary evidence that cannabis and its main psychoactive constituent, THC, may alleviate opioid withdrawal, these effects are likely to have a narrow therapeutic window. Further, the potential of cannabinoids to alleviate opioid withdrawal is determined by complex interactions between patient characteristics and pharmacological factors. Collectively, these findings have clinical, methodological, and mechanistic implications for treating opioid withdrawal during cannabinoid use, and for efforts to alleviate opioid withdrawal using non-opioid therapeutics.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36434879/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0376871622004392?via%3Dihub

“A 1:1 ratio of cannabidiol to tetrahydrocannabinol (CT) was suggested to be safer for therapeutic purposes in many illnesses. However, CT effects on methamphetamine (METH) conditioned place preference (CPP) remained largely unexplored. This study aimed to examine the effects of CT on METH CPP mice evaluated by animal behaviors accompanied by local field potential (LFP) signals analysis. Male ICR mice were implanted with the LFP electrode in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Animals were next subjected to induce METH CPP by peritoneal injection with 1mg/kg METH and 0.9% NaCl on an alternate day for ten sessions and confined to the corresponding compartment for 30min meanwhile control mice were given normal saline all day for both compartments. On testing day, either 10mg/kg CT or 20mg/kg bupropion (BP), a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, and VTA GABAergic suppressor were orally administered before CPP testing. The results exposed that CPP scores elevation was observed in the METH+vehicle and METH+BP mice, but this was reversed by CT treatment. Although both METH+vehicle and METH+BP enhanced the VTA delta power, NAc gamma I power, NAc delta-gamma coupling, and VTA-NAc gamma I coherence, changes in opposite trends of all mentioned parameters were seen by CT application. These improvements were postulated to involve the antidopaminergic effects of CT via modulations of neural signaling in the VTA and NAc. Altogether, the evidence-based study may suggest the using CT in alternative drugs for METH-seeking and craving therapy.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36336144/

“From the encouraging results, the CT would be developed and deployed as a novel drug for the treatment of METH dependence.”

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0361923022003112?via%3Dihub