“Aims: To examine mortality, and identify predictors of mortality, in a cohort of dual diagnosis (co-existing psychiatric disorder and substance use disorder) patients.

Design: Cohort study based on national register and electronic health record data.

Setting and participants: Between 2002 and 2017, 2359 dual-diagnosis patients received treatment at a specialized Danish department and were followed until death, migration or a maximum of 21 years.

Measurements: Data on diagnosis, substance use, demographics, medication use and mortality were linked to national registers. Kaplan-Meier plots illustrated mortality differences across diagnostic groups, while the Cox model identified factors associated with mortality.

Findings: In this study, 23.5% of dual diagnosis patients died within ten years of discharge and 33.7% at end of follow-up. The highest mortality risk was among those with a primary substance use disorder (SUD) and no psychiatric diagnosis, with 45.9% dying. Alcohol [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.42; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.18-1.71], opioids (aHR = 1.26; 95% CI = 1.03-1.54), as well as Charlson Comorbidity Index: 1 (aHR = 1.70; 95% CI = 1.41-2.04) and 2 + (aHR = 2.56; 95% CI = 1.94-3.36), increased mortality risk.

In contrast, cannabis use disorder (aHR = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.65-0.93) and being female (aHR = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.71-0.97) reduced it.

Psychiatric diagnoses F30-39 (aHR = 0.70; 95% CI = 0.56-0.87) and F40-49 (aHR = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.59-0.97) were associated with lower mortality risk compared with F20-29. Of 733 deaths with mortality cause data, nearly two-thirds were from natural causes, 8% from suicide and 20% from accidents or violence.

Conclusion: The observed high mortality rates among clinically confirmed dual diagnosis patients (co-existing psychiatric disorder and substance use disorder) in Denmark highlight the urgent need for comprehensive treatment for this population. The risk of death appears to be related to type of substance use, with alcohol and opioids associated with higher mortality rates than other substances.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40726419/

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/add.70125

“Background/Objectives: The industrial extraction and purification processes of Cannabis sativa L. compounds are critical steps in creating formulations with reliable and reproducible therapeutic and sensorial attributes. 

Methods: For this study, standardized preparations of chemotype I were chemically analyzed, and the sensory attributes were studied to characterize the extraction and purification processes, ensuring the maximum retention of cannabinoids and minimization of other secondary metabolites. The industrial process used deep-cooled ethanol for selective extraction. 

Results: Taking into consideration that decarboxylation occurs in the process, the cannabinoid profile composition was preserved from the herbal substance to the herbal preparations, with wiped-film distillation under deep vacuum conditions below 0.2 mbar, as a final purification step. The profiles of the terpenes and cannabinoids in crude and purified Full-spectrum Extract Cannabis Oil (FECO) were analyzed at different stages to evaluate compositional changes that occurred throughout processing. Subjective intensity and acceptance ratings were received for taste, color, overall appearance, smell, and mouthfeel of FECO preparations. 

Conclusions: According to sensory analysis, purified FECO was more accepted than crude FECO, which had a stronger and more polarizing taste, and received higher ratings for color and overall acceptance. In contrast, a full cannabis extract in the market resulted in lower acceptance due to taste imbalance. The purification process effectively removed non-cannabinoids, improving sensory quality while maintaining therapeutic potency. Terpene markers of the flower were remarkably preserved in SOMAÍ’s preparations’ fingerprint, highlighting a major qualitative profile reproducibility and the opportunity for their previous separation and/or controlled reintroduction. The study underscores the importance of monitoring the extraction and purification processes to optimize the cannabinoid content and sensory characteristics in cannabis preparations.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40733057/

“This study highlights the effectiveness of SOMAÍ’s extraction and purification processes in optimizing the sensory and therapeutic quality of full-spectrum medicinal cannabis extracts for herbal preparations. The method employed was explicitly tailored to collect cannabinoid fractions from the natural cannabis flower oils. The resulting purified full-spectrum extract is selectively concentrated in the profiled beneficial compounds naturally found within the flower, successfully removing compounds lacking scientifically proven therapeutic value. While these unwanted compounds will have an impact on the final taste of the decarboxylated full-spectrum oil, herbal medicines created from unpurified full cannabis extract oil will, therefore, have a range of tastes, such as earthy, bitter, and grassy, all of which are strong and generally regarded as unpleasant for therapeutic adherence. The process developed herein is to obtain a standardized THC-dominant crude extract. The same process is applied to CBD-dominant crude extract. With these two extracts, the pharmaceutical company can prepare medicines with a precise and previously defined ratio between the two main bioactive components, an objective not achievable if depending exclusively on the present ratio in the herbal substance.”

https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/7/848

“Cannabinoids, particularly those derived from cannabis, attract considerable attention in recent years for their therapeutic potential in treating various diseases and ailments.

In this study, we identify cannabinoid byproducts that result from the combustion of cannabidiol-henceforth referred to as pyrocannabinoids-and employ molecular docking simulations to investigate their interactions with key protein targets implicated in different physiological processes. Specifically, we focus on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, p21-activated kinase 1, CB1, CB2, and GPR119 proteins, elucidating the binding modes and affinities of pyrocannabinoid byproducts to these receptors. This investigation is done in collaboration with Real Isolates LLC.

Our findings reveal diverse ligand-protein interactions, with some pyrocannabinoids displaying favorable binding energies and stable ligand-protein complexes. However, variations in binding affinities across different proteins underscore the complex pharmacological profiles of the pyrocannabinoids. Furthermore, the prediction of adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity properties highlights both promising and concerning aspects of cannabinoid pharmacokinetics, emphasizing the need for thorough preclinical evaluation. Additionally, our investigation into potential metabolic sites using cytochrome P450 enzymes provides insights into cannabinoid metabolites.

Overall, our study contributes to the understanding of pyrocannabinoid pharmacology and informs the rational design of pyrocannabinoid-based therapeutics. Further experimental validation is warranted to translate these findings into clinically relevant applications.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40718581/

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40203-025-00391-9

“This work reports the development of electrospun cellulose acetate (CA) membranes derived from Cannabis sativa biomass for potential use in therapeutic dressings.

Cellulose was extracted from cannabis stalks using alkaline pulping and bleaching, followed by homogeneous acetylation to obtain CA with controlled substitution. CA solutions (13%-25%) were electrospun under varying parameters, and the 17% formulation yielded the most homogeneous, bead-free nanofibers. The resulting membranes were characterized using FTIR, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and SEM. FTIR and Raman confirmed acetylation through characteristic ester and methyl group vibrations.

XRD revealed reduced crystallinity in CA compared to native cellulose. SEM analysis showed uniform fiber networks with diameters between 500 and 800 nm. A bilayer dressing prototype was fabricated by integrating the electrospun membrane with a medical-grade silicone adhesive. Adhesion performance was evaluated on synthetic skin using a FINAT-standardized 180° peel test.

The membranes demonstrated adequate mechanical cohesion and conformability, supporting their application as sustainable, plant-based biomedical patches.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40698058/

“Taken together, this work presents the first full validation of cannabis-derived cellulose acetate as a processable, biocompatible, and functionally versatile material for advanced medical dressing systems.

Collectively, these findings support the use of Cannabis sativa as a viable and sustainable raw material for the development of high-performance cellulose acetate membranes. The study demonstrates not only the chemical and morphological comparability of cannabis-derived materials to commercial analogs but also their potential in next-generation biomedical and filtration technologies.”

https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/chemistry/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1624736/full