Targeting CB2 cannabinoid receptors as a novel therapy to treat malignant lymphoblastic disease

“In the current study, we examined whether ligation of CB2 receptors would lead to induction of apoptosis in tumors of immune origin and whether CB2 agonist could be used to treat such cancers.

 Exposure of murine tumors EL-4, LSA, and P815 to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in vitro led to a significant reduction in cell viability and an increase in apoptosis…

Culture of primary acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells with THC in vitro reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis.

Together, the current data demonstrate that CB2 cannabinoid receptors expressed on malignancies of the immune system may serve as potential targets for the induction of apoptosis. Also, because CB2 agonists lack psychotropic effects, they may serve as novel anticancer agents to selectively target and kill tumors of immune origin.”

http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/content/100/2/627.long

“We examined whether treatment of tumor-bearing mice with THC was effective at killing tumor cells in vivo… These data suggest that THC was effective in vivo to induce apoptosis and kill the tumor cells… THC treatment can cure tumor-bearing mice… they were completely cured…Taken together, these results suggest that THC can exert anticancer properties in vivo.” http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/content/100/2/627.long?sso-checked=1

 

Targeting cannabinoid receptors to treat leukemia: role of cross-talk between extrinsic and intrinsic pathways in Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-induced apoptosis of Jurkat cells.

“Targeting cannabinoid receptors has recently been shown to trigger apoptosis and offers a novel treatment modality against malignancies of the immune system.

  In this study, we used human Jurkat leukemia cell lines with defects in intrinsic and extrinsic signaling pathways to elucidate the mechanism of apoptosis induced by Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)…

Together, these data suggest that the intrinsic pathway plays a more critical role in THC-induced apoptosis while the extrinsic pathway may facilitate apoptosis via cross-talk with the intrinsic pathway.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15978942

Anticancer activity of anandamide in human cutaneous melanoma cells.

“Cannabinoids are implicated in the control of cell proliferation, but little is known about the role of the endocannabinoid system in human malignant melanoma. This study was aimed at characterizing the in vitro antitumor activity of anandamide (AEA) in A375 melanoma cells…

 Overall, these findings demonstrate that AEA induces cytotoxicity against human melanoma cells in the micromolar range of concentrations through a complex mechanism, which involve COX-2 and LOX-derived product synthesis and CB1 activation. Lipid raft modulation, probably linked to GPR55 activation, might also have a role.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24041928

Marijuana’s Active Ingredient Targets Deadly Brain Cancer – WebMD

“If results of a recent rat study hold true in human trials, marijuana could be the treatment of choice for patients with malignant glioma — an especially aggressive and often fatal form of brain cancer.

 No, rats haven’t started smoking pot. But when researchers injected tumorous animals with cannabinoids — the drug’s active ingredient — about a third of them went into remission, and another third lived significantly longer than untreated rats.

The findings appear in the March issue of the journal Nature Medicine

According to lead researcher Manuel Guzmán, PhD, his team’s previous studies showed that cannabinoids could stop growth and kill cancer cells but did not harm normal cells. The current work examined the action behind this effect and whether it would also work in living animals…

The researchers first caused tumors in the brains of 18 rats. They then injected the animals over the course of seven days with either a natural or artificial cannabinoid, or a placebo for comparison. Additional groups of healthy, tumor-free rats also received the various treatments…

All of the untreated animals with tumors died between days 12 and 18, but those treated with the cannabinoids lived much longer, and had significantly smaller tumors…

There were no negative side effects at all in the healthy animals receiving treatment.”

More:http://www.webmd.com/cancer/news/20000228/marijuanas-active-ingredient-targets-deadly-brain-cancer

“Anti-tumoral action of cannabinoids: Involvement of sustained ceramide accumulation and extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation” http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v6/n3/abs/nm0300_313.html

Marijuana May Stall Brain Tumor Growth – WebMD

“Active Ingredient in Marijuana Inhibits Cancer Growth in Early Study.
 
The active ingredient in marijuana may help fight brain tumors, a new study suggests.
 

Researchers say the cannabinoids found in marijuana may aid in brain tumor treatment by targeting the genes needed for the tumors to sprout blood vessels and grow.

Their study showed that cannabinoids inhibited genes needed for the production of vascular growth factor (VEGF) in laboratory mice with glioma brain tumors and two patients with late-stage glioblastoma multiforme, a form of brain cancer.

VEGF is a protein that stimulates blood vessels to grow. Tumors need an abundant blood supply because they generally grow rapidly. So when VEGF is blocked, tumors starve from lack of blood supply and nutrients.

Blocking of VEGF constitutes one of the most promising tumor-fighting approaches currently available, says researcher Manuel Guzman, professor of biochemistry and molecular biology, at the Complutense University in Madrid, Spain, in a news release.”

More:http://www.webmd.com/cancer/news/20040815/marijuana-stall-brain-tumor-growth 

“Cannabinoids Inhibit the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Pathway in Gliomas”:  http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/64/16/5617.long

 

Unhappy Couple
 

Pot Slows Cancer in Test Tube – WebMD

“THC and another marijuana-derived compound slow the spread of cervical and lung cancers, test-tube studies suggest.

The new findings add to the fast-growing number of animal and cell-culture studies showing different anticancer effects for cannabinoids, chemical compounds derived from marijuana.

Cannabinoids, and sometimes marijuana itself, are currently used to lessen the nausea and pain experienced by many cancer patients. The new findings — suggest that cannabinoids may have a direct anticancer effect.

“Cannabinoids’ … potential therapeutic benefit in the treatment of highly invasive cancers should be addressed in clinical trials,” conclude Robert Ramer, PhD, and Burkhard Hinz, PhD, of the University of Rostock, Germany…

Doses of THC that reduce pain in cancer patients yield blood concentrations much higher than the concentrations needed to inhibit cancer invasion.

“Thus the effects of THC on cell invasion occurred at therapeutically relevant concentrations,” Ramer and Hinz note…

Ramer and Hinz report the findings in the Jan. 2, 2008 issue of the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.”

More: http://www.webmd.com/cancer/news/20071226/pot-slows-cancer-in-test-tube

“Inhibition of Cancer Cell Invasion by Cannabinoids via Increased Expression of Tissue Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinases-1”: http://jnci.oxfordjournals.org/content/100/1/59.long

Marijuana Inhibits Tumors

Link between obesity and cancer – Science

 

“Link between obesity and cancer” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3670342/

“Biological mechanisms linking obesity and cancer risk: new perspectives.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19824817

“Overweight/obesity and cancer genesis: more than a biological link.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18035514

“The Obesity-Cancer Link: Lessons Learned from a Fatless Mouse” http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/67/6/2391.long

“Epidemiology and pathophysiology of obesity as cause of cancer.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17299670

“Obesity and cancer.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19924603

“Obesity and cancer: pathophysiological and biological mechanisms.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18465361

“Obesity and cancer risk: evidence, mechanisms, and recommendations” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3476838/

 “The growing challenge of obesity and cancer: an inflammatory issue.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21793838

“Growth Signals, Inflammation, and Vascular Perturbations, Mechanistic Links Between Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Cancer” http://atvb.ahajournals.org/content/32/8/1766.long

  “Obesity, metabolic dysregulation, and cancer: a growing concern and an inflammatory (and microenvironmental) issue” http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06737.x/full

 “Obesity-induced gut microbial metabolite promotes liver cancer through senescence secretome.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23803760

“Overweight, obesity and cancer: epidemiological evidence and proposed mechanisms” http://www.nature.com/nrc/journal/v4/n8/full/nrc1408.html

“Overweight and obesity: a review of their relationship to metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and cancer in South America.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23452284

“Cytokines, obesity, and cancer: new insights on mechanisms linking obesity to cancer risk and progression.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23121183

“Obesity-driven inflammation and cancer risk: role of myeloid derived suppressor cells and alternately activated macrophages” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3555202/

“Inflammation, autophagy, and obesity: common features in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23622129

“Obesity, energy balance, and cancer: new opportunities for prevention.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23034147

 “Obesity and colorectal cancer.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23481261

“Obesity and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-analysis of 31 Studies with 70,000 Events” http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/16/12/2533.long

 “Obesity and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review of Prospective Studies” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3547959/

 “Central obesity and breast cancer risk: a systematic review.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12916817

“Role of Obesity in the Risk of Breast Cancer: Lessons from Anthropometry” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3575614/

“The molecular contribution of TNF-α in the link between obesity and breast cancer.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21165572

“Subcellular Localization of Cyclic AMP-Responsive Element Binding Protein-Regulated Transcription Coactivator 2 Provides a Link between Obesity and Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women” http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/69/13/5392.long

 “An IL-6 link between obesity and cancer.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23277002

 “Expression of microRNAs: potential molecular link between obesity, diabetes and cancer.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21767342

“Excess body weight and obesity–the link with gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary cancer.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21386810

“Obesity and gastrointestinal cancer.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20306531

 “The link between obesity and prostate cancer: the leptin pathway and therapeutic perspectives.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16344847

“The relationship between obesity and prostate cancer: from genetics to disease treatment and prevention” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3523022/

 “Reducing the weight of cancer: mechanistic targets for breaking the obesity-carcinogenesis link.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18971125

“Overweight, obesity, and cancer risk.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12217794

“Obesity and cancer: the risks, science, and potential management strategies.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16053036

 “Overweight as an avoidable cause of cancer in Europe.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11169969

“Obesity management–an opportunity for cancer prevention.” http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19848061

 

Scales

Study Links Obesity, Cancer – News

“Study Links Obesity, Cancer” http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=3438650n

“‘Direct link’ between cancer and obesity” http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/direct-link-between-cancer-and-obesity-398386.html

 “Obesity link to cancer” http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/1334311.stm 

“Study supports link between obesity and higher incidence of cancer, poorer prognosis” http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-10-link-obesity-higher-incidence-cancer.html

“Obesity-Cancer Link Detailed” http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/36204/title/Obesity-Cancer-Link-Detailed/

  “Obesity Linked to Many Cancer Cases in U.S.” http://www.webmd.com/cancer/news/20091105/obesity-linked-to-many-cancer-cases-in-us

“Increased obesity means increased cancer cases” http://thechart.blogs.cnn.com/2010/08/05/increased-obesity-means-increased-cancer-cases/

 “Obesity responsible for 100,000 cancer cases annually” http://edition.cnn.com/2009/HEALTH/11/05/obesity.cancer.link/

“Obesity is now the leading cause of cancer” http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/health/obesity-leading-cancer-article-1.403496

“Obesity as a Cause of Endometrial Cancer: Gynecologic Oncologists to Add Perspective on New Report” http://www.newswise.com/articles/obesity-as-a-cause-of-endometrial-cancer-gynecologic-oncologists-to-add-perspective-on-new-report

“Obesity Helps Spur Cancer’s Growth, Mouse Study Suggests” http://healthyliving.msn.com/diseases/cancer/obesity-helps-spur-cancers-growth-mouse-study-suggests

“Obesity makes cancer harder to treat – researchers” http://abclocal.go.com/kabc/story?id=9167668

“Childhood Obesity linked to Colorectal Cancer” http://www.hivehealthmedia.com/childhood-obesity-linked-colorectal-cancer/

“Childhood obesity linked to bladder, urinary cancer” http://india.nydailynews.com/business/007bed187246683db27f00329afb7e2a/childhood-obesity-linked-to-bladder-urinary-cancer

“Study links childhood obesity to cancer in adults”  http://www.jpost.com/Health-and-Science/Study-links-childhood-obesity-to-cancer-in-adults 

 “Weight Gain and Obesity Linked with Endometrial Cancer Risk” http://news.yale.edu/2011/03/16/weight-gain-and-obesity-linked-endometrial-cancer-risk 

 “Athlone scientist reveals link between obesity and oesophageal cancer” http://www.westmeathindependent.ie/news/roundup/articles/2013/07/03/4016553-athlone-scientist-reveals-link-between-obesity-and-oesophageal-cancer/

“Scientists uncover key mechanism that links obesity and diabetes with cancer” http://www.news-medical.net/news/20130201/Scientists-uncover-key-mechanism-that-links-obesity-and-diabetes-with-cancer.aspx

 “Obesity Gene Linked To Skin Cancer” http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/257159.php

“Obesity linked to liver cancer, gallbladder cancer” http://www.foodconsumer.org/newsite/Non-food/Disease/obesity_liver_cancer_gallbladder_cancer_0917120712.html

“Obesity linked to womb cancer rise” http://www.nursingtimes.net/nursing-practice/clinical-zones/public-health/obesity-linked-to-womb-cancer-rise/5017506.article

“Obesity Linked to Ovarian Cancer” http://abcnews.go.com/Health/Healthday/story?id=6581157&page=1

“Obesity genes linked to uterine cancer” http://news.vanderbilt.edu/2012/01/obesity-uterine-cancer/

 “Obesity Linked to Ovarian Cancer” http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2009-01-05/news/36784799_1_ovarian-cancer-obese-women-normal-weight-women

“Obesity Linked to More Advanced and More Aggressive Thyroid Cancer” http://www.familypracticenews.com/news/more-top-news/single-view/obesity-linked-to-more-advanced-and-more-aggressive-thyroid-cancer/30971304ec4a03ee4ce8abd728da736c.html

“Obesity Linked to Higher Risk for Aggressive Thyroid Cancer” http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/764234

 “Pancreatic cancer and obesity linked” http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/booster_shots/2009/06/pancreatic-cancer-and-obesity-linked.html

 “Obesity linked to rise in kidney cancer” http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/news/archive/pressrelease/2002-09-21-obesity-linked-to-rise-in-kidney-cancer

 “Obesity fuels record rise in kidney cancers” http://www.nhs.uk/news/2012/03march/Pages/Obesity-fuels-kidney-cancer-rise.aspx

 “Obesity Linked to Prostate Cancer, Study Finds” http://www.webmd.com/prostate-cancer/news/20130423/obesity-linked-to-prostate-cancer-study-finds

“Obesity Raises Risk of Aggressive Prostate Cancer” http://www.renalandurologynews.com/obesity-raises-risk-of-aggressive-prostate-cancer/article/202883/#

 “Obesity increases men’s risk of dying from prostate cancer” http://www.nbcnews.com/health/obesity-increases-mens-risk-dying-prostate-cancer-6C9566874 

“Researchers discover link between obesity gene and breast cancer” http://medicalxpress.com/news/2011-05-link-obesity-gene-breast-cancer.html

 

 “Breast Cancer Linked to Obesity Gene, New Research Suggests” http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/05/110523124402.htm 

 

“Research Piles Up on Links Between Cancer and Obesity” http://blogs.wsj.com/health/2009/06/23/research-piles-up-on-links-between-cancer-and-obesity/

Cannabis may provide novel ‘cure’ for prostate cancers

Cannabis-Sativa3

“Cannabis, Indian Hemp or rather marijuana may provide the novel treatment for prostate cancer by acting as analgesia on bone pain, improving quality of life, while reducing narcotic consumption and preventing opioid dependence.”

http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/index.php/features/natural-health/131865-cannabis-may-provide-novel-cure-for-prostate-cancers

Therapeutic potential of cannabinoid medicines.

Drug Testing and Analysis

“Cannabis was extensively used as a medicine throughout the developed world in the nineteenth century but went into decline early in the twentieth century ahead of its emergence as the most widely used illicit recreational drug later that century. Recent advances in cannabinoid pharmacology alongside the discovery of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) have re-ignited interest in cannabis-based medicines.

The ECS has emerged as an important physiological system and plausible target for new medicines. Its receptors and endogenous ligands play a vital modulatory role in diverse functions including immune response, food intake, cognition, emotion, perception, behavioural reinforcement, motor co-ordination, body temperature, wake/sleep cycle, bone formation and resorption, and various aspects of hormonal control. In disease it may act as part of the physiological response or as a component of the underlying pathology.

In the forefront of clinical research are the cannabinoids delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, and their contrasting pharmacology will be briefly outlined. The therapeutic potential and possible risks of drugs that inhibit the ECS will also be considered. This paper will then go on to review clinical research exploring the potential of cannabinoid medicines in the following indications: symptomatic relief in multiple sclerosis, chronic neuropathic pain, intractable nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite and weight in the context of cancer or AIDS, psychosis, epilepsy, addiction, and metabolic disorders.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24006213

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dta.1529/abstract