Cannabis may help stroke recovery

“CANNABIS may help to reduce brain damage after a stroke, new research suggests.

Chemical compounds found in the plant could help shrink the area of the brain affected by stroke, the study says.

Cannabinoids in the plant, as well as those that can be made artificially and those found naturally in the body, can also help improve brain function after a stroke attack, the authors said.

The study, which is to be presented to the annual UK Stroke Forum, examined previous studies conducted on the effect of the compound.

The authors, from the University of Nottingham, examined 94 studies evaluating the effects of cannabinoids on 1022 male rats, mice or monkeys.

They say the chemical “shows promise as a neuroprotective treatment for stroke”.

“This meta-analysis of pre-clinical stroke studies provides valuable information on the existing, and importantly, missing data on the use of cannabinoids as a potential treatment for stroke patients,” said lead author Dr Tim England, honorary consultant stroke physician at the University of Nottingham and Royal Derby Hospital.

Dr Dale Webb, director of research and information at the Stroke Association, added: “Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability in the UK, with more than half of all stroke survivors left dependent on others for everyday activities. With more people in the UK surviving a stroke, it’s never been more important to find new treatments to help more stroke patients make better recoveries.

“This new research is an example of the many new developments in the field of stroke which are being presented at this year’s UK Stroke Forum.

“The findings have identified the potential for cannabinoids to reduce brain damage caused by stroke.”

http://www.news.com.au/world/breaking-news/cannabis-may-help-stroke-recovery/story-e6frfkui-1226774100340

Chemicals in Marijuana May Help Stroke Victims

NewsBriefs

“Scientists at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) said a chemical in marijuana may protect the brain from damage inflicted by a stroke.

Their study was reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (Aidan Hampson, et al., “Cannabidiol and Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol Are Neuroprotective Antioxidants,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, July 7, 1998, Vol. 95, Issue 14, p. 8268; “Pot Chemicals Might Inhibit Breast Tumors, Stroke Damage,” Dallas Morning News, July 13, 1998; Vanessa Thorpe, “Chemicals Help Brain Damage After Stroke,” The Independent (UK), July 19, 1998).

NIMH scientists researched the effects of two cannabinoids, cannabidiol and THC, on the brains of rats. THC is the ingredient in marijuana that causes a psychoactive effect. However, cannabidiol is “a better candidate,” in part, because it does not cause a “high” in the patient, said Aidan Hampson, a neuropharmacologist at NIMH who led the study.

The cannabinoids block a neurochemical, known as glutamate, that leads to the formation of toxic oxidizing molecules that kill brain cells. Glutamate is produced in the brain if the oxygen supply is cut off, for example, as the result of blood clot leading to a stroke.

Researchers found that cannabidiol is a more effective antioxidant than vitamins A and E, which already are known to block the damaging effects of glutamate.”

http://www.ndsn.org/julaug98/medmj1.html

Cannabis Counter Brain Cell Damage After a Stroke

“New research by University of Otago scientists suggests some mechanisms in the brain targeted by cannabis could become drugs targets to counter brain cell damage after a stroke.

Researchers from the Medical School’s Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology have been the first in the world to show the cannabinoid CB2 receptor appears in the rat brain following a stroke.

Their findings were published recently in the journal Neuroscience Letters.

Dr John Ashton says the CB2 receptor is a protein produced as part of the body’s immune response system.

“This response is triggered by stroke and causes the inflammation that leads to damage in the area of the brain around where the stroke has occurred.

“If the inflammation can be stopped or reduced then it offers the hope of reducing the extent of the damage caused by stroke – and CB2 offers a potential target for such a drug.”

Dr Ashton says cannabis targets both the CB2 and the related CB1 receptors.

“THC, the major active ingredient of cannabis, acts mainly on CB1 but it also affects CB2. While THC is known to have some positive effects in terms of pain management its use is severely limited because of the way it triggers the psychoactive CB1 receptors in the brain,” he says.

“The aim would be to develop a drug that targets the CB2 receptor without affecting CB1.”

Dr Ashton says the relationship between cannabis and cannabinoid drugs has similarities to the relationship between heroin and codeine.

“Heroin and codeine share common targets, but by designing codeine in such a way that it eliminated the psychoactive side-effects seen with heroin, a therapeutically useful drug was developed. There is the potential to do the same with cannabinoids.”

Drugs targeting CB2 could also have potential therapeutic use in other conditions involving inflammatory damage to the brain, such as Huntington’s Disease and Alzheimer’s Disease. There may also be scope to use them in pain management.

“CB2 cells are also found in the spinal cord. They regulate pain signals making them a potential target for new pain killing drugs.””

http://www.hightimes.com/read/cannabis-counter-brain-cell-damage-after-stroke

Cannabis compounds may limit stroke damage

“Chemical compounds found in cannabis may help to reduce brain damage following a stroke, new research has revealed.

Researchers at the University of Nottingham conducted a meta-analysis of experimental studies into cannabinoids; chemicals related to those found in cannabis, some of which also occur naturally in the body.

The findings showed that the compounds could reduce the size of stroke and improve .

Cannabinoids can be classified into those found naturally in the body (endocannabinoids), those made artificially (synthetic cannabinoids) or those derived from extracts from the plant cannabis sativa (phytocannabinoids).

The research, announced at the annual UK Stroke Forum, indicates that all three classes of cannabinoid could be effective in shrinking the area of the brain affected by stroke and in recovering neurological function.”

http://healthmedicinet.com/i/cannabis-compounds-may-limit-stroke-damage/

Compounds in cannabis could limit stroke damage

“Researchers at the University of Nottingham conducted a meta-analysis of experimental studies into cannabinoids; chemicals related to those found in cannabis, some of which also occur naturally in the body.

The findings showed that the compounds could reduce the size of stroke and improve neurological function.”

http://www.myscience.org.uk/news/2013/compounds_in_cannabis_could_limit_stroke_damage-2013-nottingham

The Inhibitory Effects of Cannabidiol on Systemic Malignant Tumors

“Cannabidiol may attenuate tumor growth in a number of other systemic malignancies.

Decreased tumor growth in pulmonary malignancies is seen after administration of cannabidiol.

Tumor metastasis also is markedly attenuated.

Similar attenuation of tumor growth is seen in breast malignancies.

The above examples clearly illustrate the significant antineoplastic effects of cannabidiol.

Hopefully, the next few years will see increased studies to fully and further evaluate these antineoplastic effects.”

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23544909

http://www.jpsmjournal.com/article/S0885-3924(13)00115-2/fulltext#article-outline

http://www.thctotalhealthcare.com/category/cancer/

COX-2 and PPAR-γ confer cannabidiol-induced apoptosis of human lung cancer cells.

Figure 7.

“Within the last decade, evidence has been accumulated to suggest an antitumorigenic action of cannabinoids elicited via induction of apoptosis and alternative anticarcinogenic mechanisms… cannabidiol has been shown to elicit pronounced proapoptotic or autophagic effects on different types of tumor cells

This study investigates the role of COX-2 and PPAR-γ in cannabidiol’s proapoptotic and tumor-regressive action. In lung cancer cell lines (A549, H460) and primary cells from a patient with lung cancer, cannabidiol elicited decreased viability associated with apoptosis… our data show a novel proapoptotic mechanism of cannabidiol involving initial upregulation of COX-2 and PPAR-γ…

Collectively, our data strengthen the notion that activation of PPAR-γ may present a promising target for lung cancer therapy.

In addition and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to provide an inhibitor-proven tumor-regressive mechanism of cannabidiolin vivo as well as a proapoptotic mechanism confirmed by use of primary lung tumor cells.

Against this background and considering recent findings supporting a profound antimetastatic action of cannabidiol, this cannabinoid may represent a promising anticancer drug.”

http://mct.aacrjournals.org/content/12/1/69.long

http://www.thctotalhealthcare.com/category/lung-cancer/

Study: Habitual Marijuana Smoking Not Associated With Increased Risk Of Lung Cancer

eNews Park Forest

“Subjects who regularly inhale cannabis smoke possess no greater risk of contracting lung cancer than do those who consume it occasionally or not at all, according to data published online ahead of print in the International Journal of Cancer.

An international team of investigators from Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States analyzed data from six case-control studies involving over 5,000 subjects (2,159 cases and 2,985 controls) from around the world.

Authors concluded, “Results from our pooled analyses provide little evidence for an increased risk of lung cancer among habitual or long-term cannabis smokers.””

http://www.enewspf.com/latest-news/health-and-fitness/53910-study-habitual-marijuana-smoking-not-associated-with-increased-risk-of-lung-cancer.html

“Cannabis smoking and lung cancer risk: Pooled analysis in the International Lung Cancer Consortium”  http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ijc.29036/abstract

http://www.thctotalhealthcare.com/category/lung-cancer/

Cannabinoids drug for inflammatory bowel

Medindia

“Researchers from the University of Bath, UK has found that Cannabinoids derived from Cannabis has found to be effective in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.

“The system that responds to cannabis in the brain is present and functioning in the lining of the gut,” lead researcher Dr. Karen Wright, of the University of Bath, explained to Reuters Health. “There is an increased presence of one component of this system during inflammatory bowel diseases,” she explained.

The report of the study was published in the Journal of Gastroenterology in which she has explained the location of CB1 and CB2 receptors in human colon tissue which binds to the Cannabinoid. She has used Human colon cell lines to establish the binding of the cannabinoid compounds and in her wound healing experiments.

Increased CB2 receptors are found in colonic tissue characteristic of inflammatory bowel disease. They found that the Cannabinoids helps in wound healing of the surface by CB1 related receptor mechanism.

“Cannabinoids, which we make ourselves, as well as synthetic Cannabinoids, can promote wound healing in the gut, which is extremely interesting given that inflammatory bowel disease involves damaged gut linings,” Wright said.”

http://www.medindia.net/news/view_news_main.asp?x=4578

Long-term cannabinoid type 2 receptor agonist therapy decreases Bacterial Translocation In Rats with cirrhosis and ascites.

“Intestinal hyper-permeability, impaired peritoneal macrophages (PMs) phagocytosis, and, bacterial translocation (BT) resulting in increased systemic and local infection/inflammation such as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), together with increased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) levels, are all implicated in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis-related complications.

Manipulation of cannabinoid receptors (CB1R and CB2R), which are expressed on the gut mucosa and PMs, has been reported to modulate intestinal inflammation and systemic inflammatory cytokines release. Our study aims to explore the effects of chronic CB1R/CB2R agonist/antagonist treatments on relevant abnormalities in cirrhotic ascitic rats…

CONCLUSIONS:

Our study suggests that CB2R agonist have the potential to treat BT and various relevant abnormalities through the inhibition of systemic/intestinal oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines and TNFα releases in cirrhosis. Overall, chronic CB2R agonist treatment affects multiple approach mechanisms, and the direct effect on hyperdynamic circulation is only minor.”

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24953022